solubility and equilibrium, henry's law

Question 1

3 types of solutions?

Answer 1

saturated
unsaturated
supersaturated

Question 2

what is a saturated solution

Answer 2

contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute at a given temperature in the presence of undissolved solute. (if more solute were added, it would not dissolve).
“water is not hungry anymore”

undissolved solute is in equilibrium w dissolved solute!

Question 3

what is an unsaturated soln?

Answer 3

contains less than the equilibrium concentration of dissolved solute.
“ water is still hungry”

Question 4

what does it mean when a soln is in equilibrium?

Answer 4

rate of the solid dissolving is equal to the rate of recrystallization

Question 5

what is a supersaturated soln?

Answer 5

contains more than the equilibrium concentration of solute. excess solute crystallizes and solution becomes unstable.
“water is full”

Question 6

what 2 external factors affect solubility?

Answer 6

temperature and pressure!

Question 7

how does temperature affect solubility for solids? gases?

Answer 7

most solids are MORE soluble at higher temperatures (ex. sugar dissolves faster in hot tea than in iced tea)
most gases are LESS soluble at higher temperatures (gases have weak IMFs with water. the average kinetic energy increases with temperature, allowing molecules to re-enter gas phase more easily)

Question 8

how does pressure affect the solubility of gases?

Answer 8

increased pressure = increased solubility (gas molecules forced closer together to liquid solution)

Question 9

what is henry’s law? equation?

Answer 9

the solubility of a gas is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas above the solution!
S = kH x P
S = solubility of a gas
kH = constant
P = partial pressure of the gas above soln