Solution And Separation Techniques

Question 1

What is a solvent?

Answer 1

A substance that dissolves another substance.

Question 2

What is a solute?

Answer 2

A substance that is dissolved in a solvent.

Question 3

What is a solution?

Answer 3

A homogeneous mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent.

Question 4

Give an example of a solvent.

Answer 4

Water.

Question 5

Give an example of a solute.

Answer 5

Salt or sugar.

Question 6

Give an example of a solution.

Answer 6

Saltwater or sugar water.

Question 7

What is the difference between a dilute solution and a concentrated solution?

Answer 7

A dilute solution contains a small amount of solute, while a concentrated solution contains a large amount of solute.

Question 8

What is a saturated solution?

Answer 8

A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute at a given temperature.

Question 9

How does surface area affect the rate of dissolving?

Answer 9

Increased surface area increases the rate of dissolving.

Question 10

How does temperature affect the rate of dissolving?

Answer 10

Higher temperature usually increases the rate of dissolving.

Question 11

When is a substance considered pure?

Answer 11

When it consists of only one type of substance with no other substances mixed in.

Question 12

When is a substance considered a mixture?

Answer 12

When it consists of two or more different substances physically combined.

Question 13

How do you separate a mixture of a soluble and an insoluble solid?

Answer 13

Using filtration.

Question 14

How do you separate a soluble solid from a solution?

Answer 14

Using crystallization.

Question 15

What is distillation?

Answer 15

A process used to separate a liquid from a solution by boiling and condensing the liquid.

Question 16

How is fractional distillation different from simple distillation?

Answer 16

Fractional distillation is used to separate liquids with different boiling points by using a fractionating column.

Question 17

What is chromatography?

Answer 17

A technique used to separate a mixture based on the different rates at which its components move through a stationary phase.

Question 18

How is chromatography related to solubility?

Answer 18

Components with higher solubility in the mobile phase move further during chromatography.

Question 19

What is filtration used for?

Answer 19

To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid.

Question 20

What is crystallization used for?

Answer 20

To separate a soluble solid from a solution by evaporating the solvent.

Question 21

What is the stationary phase in chromatography?

Answer 21

The solid or liquid that does not move during chromatography.

Question 22

What is the mobile phase in chromatography?

Answer 22

The liquid or gas that moves through the stationary phase during chromatography.

Question 23

Why does surface area affect dissolving?

Answer 23

More surface area allows more contact between the solute and solvent.

Question 24

Why does temperature affect dissolving?

Answer 24

Higher temperature increases the kinetic energy of particles, leading to more collisions and faster dissolving.

Question 25

What is a homogeneous mixture?

Answer 25

A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout.

Question 26

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

Answer 26

A mixture that does not have a uniform composition throughout.

Question 27

Give an example of a heterogeneous mixture.

Answer 27

Sand and water.

Question 28

Give an example of a homogeneous mixture.

Answer 28

Saltwater.

Question 29

How does the fractionating column work in fractional distillation?

Answer 29

It provides a surface for repeated condensation and vaporization, allowing for better separation of liquids with different boiling points.

Question 30

What is the role of solubility in the process of crystallization?

Answer 30

As the solvent evaporates, the solution becomes more concentrated, eventually leading to the solute crystallizing out when the solution becomes saturated.