Solutions

Question 1

Solution

Answer 1

a homogenous mixture of two or more substances that contain particles of one substance that are uniformly spread out in another substance (ex. aq)

Question 2

Parts of a solution

Answer 2

Solute and solvent

Question 3

Solute

Answer 3

the substance being dissolved

Question 4

Solvent

Answer 4

The substance that dissolves the solute

Question 5

3 types of solutions

Answer 5

Aqueous, non Aqueous, and Tincture

Question 6

Aqueous

Answer 6

water is the solvent

Question 7

Non- aqueous

Answer 7

water is not the solvent

Question 8

Tincture

Answer 8

alcohol is the solvent (ex. tincture of iodine)

Question 9

Characteristics

Answer 9

1. Clear or transparent - colorless or odorless
2. particles are evenly distributed, do not settle out on standing, cannot be separated by filtration
3. Variable composition- a solution is a type of mixture, not a pure substance

Question 10

Solubility

Answer 10

the amount of a solute to dissolve in a certain amount of solvent

Question 11

Soluble

Answer 11

materials with a high degree of solubility (a lot dissolves) - salt and water

Question 12

Insoluble

Answer 12

materials with a low degree of soulibitiy (little dissolves ) - oil and water

Question 13

First factor that affect solubility

Answer 13

How much solute can dissolve
1) Temperature
- as temp increases solids become more soluble
- as temp increases gases become less soluble in water

Question 14

Second factor that affects solubility

Answer 14

2) Pressure
- pressure has little or no affect on the solubility of solid or liquid solutes
- as pressure increases gases become more soluble in liquids

Question 15

Third factor that affects solubility

Answer 15

Type of solute/type of solvent
- “like dissolves like”
- polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents
- non - polar solute dissolve in non- polar solvents
- ionic substances dissolve in polar solvents

Question 16

Factors that affect rate

Answer 16

1) Temperature- greater KE = more interactions
2) Stirring- more interactions
3) Surface area- grinding and chopping solute into pieces increases surface exposure and more interaction with solvent

Question 17

Rate of Solute dissolving

Answer 17

How fast a solute dissolves depends on frequency of interactions b/w solute and solvent

Question 18

Double Replacement Reactions

Answer 18

two compounds that react and produce a precipitate

Question 19

Saturated Solution

Answer 19

solution which contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a certain temp

Question 20

Unsaturated Solution

Answer 20

solution that contains less than the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a certain temp in a given amount of of solvent

Question 21

Supersaturated solution

Answer 21

solution that contains more than the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve (ion stable), at a certain temp in a certain amount of solvent

Question 22

How much salt is dissolved in an unsaturated solution?

Answer 22

less than the amount of water it an hold so the crystal does dissolve

Question 23

How much salt is dissolved in a saturated solution?

Answer 23

as much as the amount of water it can hold so the crystal does not dissolved it goes to the bottom

Question 24

How much salt is dissolved in a supersaturated solution?

Answer 24

overloaded (unstable) and extra crystals drop out (precipitate)

Question 25

Relationship between solubility and temp with solids and liquids

Answer 25

solubility tends to increase as temp increases

Question 26

Relationship between temp and solubility in gases

Answer 26

as temp increases, gases become less soluble

Question 27

Diluted solutions

Answer 27

solutions in which a small amount at solute in a given amount of water (less solute, more water)

Question 28

Concentrated solution

Answer 28

solution which a large amount of solute in a given amount of water (more solute, less water)

Question 29

How to build a solution

Answer 29

1) put the salt in first bc then the water is gonna rise
2) then add the water

Question 30

Molarity

Answer 30

the concentration of a solution in moles of solutw per liter of solution

Question 31

Molarity by Diffusion

Answer 31

moles of a substance before a dilution is equal to the moles of a substance after dilution

Question 32

To increase the solubility of gases

Answer 32

lower temp and increase pressure