Solutions Flashcards
(76 cards)
What is a solution?
A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances (components) with varying proportions.
What is the component present in the greater quantity in a solution called?
Solvent
What are the components in a solution other than the solvent called?
Solute
In a solution formed from a solid and a liquid, what is always referred to as the solvent?
Liquid
What is an unsaturated solution?
A solution that can still dissolve more solute at the same temperature.
What is a saturated solution?
A solution that can dissolve no more solute at the same temperature.
What is a supersaturated solution?
A solution that contains more dissolved solute than it should at a particular temperature.
How can a supersaturated solution be obtained?
By cooling a hot concentrated solution of a solid in a liquid in the absence of traces of solids.
What happens when a small crystal of solute is added to a supersaturated solution?
The excess solute immediately crystallizes out.
List the types of solutions generally considered.
- Gas in gas
- Gas in liquid
- Gas in solid
- Liquid in liquid
- Liquid in solid
- Solid in liquid
- Solid in solid
Provide an example of gas in gas solution.
Air (O2, N2, Ar, and other gases)
Provide an example of gas in liquid solution.
Carbonated water
Provide an example of gas in solid solution.
H2 in platinum metal (adsorption)
Provide an example of liquid in liquid solution.
Mixture of hydrocarbons (gasoline)
Provide an example of liquid in solid solution.
Dental amalgam (Hg in Ag)
Provide an example of solid in liquid solution.
Sea water (NaCl and other salts in water)
What is a metal alloy example mentioned?
14 carat gold (Au and Ag)
What are the concentration units closely related to weight percent for dilute solutions?
- Parts per million (ppm)
- Parts per billion (ppb)
What is the formula for parts per million (ppm)?
Parts per million (ppm) = VAPOUR PRESSURE
What is the formula for parts per billion (ppb)?
Parts per billion (ppb) = mass of solute component / total mass of solution
What happens when a liquid is placed in a closed container?
It evaporates and converts to vapour, reaching equilibrium where the rate of evaporation equals the rate of condensation.
What is vapour pressure?
The pressure exerted by the vapours of the liquid on the surface of the liquid and on the walls of the container at equilibrium.
Does vapour pressure depend on the volume or shape of the vessel?
No, vapour pressure is constant at a given temperature and does not depend on the vessel’s volume, shape, or the amount of liquid.
What factors does vapour pressure depend on?
Vapour pressure depends only on temperature and the nature of the substance.