Somatic Dysfunction

Question 1

What is somatic dysfunction?

Answer 1

Impaired function of related components of somatic system such as skeletal, myofascial, arthrodial, vascular, lymphatic, etc.

Question 2

What treats somatic dysfunction?

Answer 2

OMT

Question 3

What is OMT?

Answer 3

Therapeutic application of manually guided forces by DO to improve physiological function and support homeostasis altered by somatic dysfunction

Question 4

What is homeostasis?

Answer 4

Level of wellbeing maintained by internal physiological harmony that is result of stable equilibrium among interdependent body functions

Question 5

What is an acute somatic dysfunction?

Answer 5

Immediate/short-term impaired function of somatic system

Question 6

What is acute somatic dysfunction characterized by?

Answer 6

Vasodilation, edema, tenderness, pain, tissue contraction

Question 7

What is chronic somatic dysfunction?

Answer 7

Impaired function of somatic system

Question 8

What is chronic somatic dysfunction characterized by?

Answer 8

Tenderness, itching, fibrosis, paraesthesia, and tissue contraction

Question 9

What is the diagnostic criteria for somatic dysfunction?

Answer 9

Tissue texture abnormalities
Asymmetry
Restriction of motion
Tenderness

Question 10

What is bogginess?

Answer 10

Texture abnormality palpable w/ sponginess in tissue resulting from congestion due to increased fluid content

Question 11

What are signs of tissue texture abnormalities?

Answer 11

Vasodilation, edema, flaccidity, hypertonicity, contracture, fibrosis

Question 12

What are Sx associated with tissue texture signs?

Answer 12

Itching, pain, tenderness, parasthesia

Question 13

What is tone?

Answer 13

Normal feel of muscle in relaxed state

Question 14

What is hypertonicity?

Answer 14

Spastic paralysis

Question 15

What is hypotonicity?

Answer 15

Flaccid paralysis when no tone at all

Question 16

What is contraction?

Answer 16

Normal tone of a muscle when it shortens or against resistance

Question 17

What is contracture?

Answer 17

Abnormal shortening of muscle due to fibrosis and chronic condition

Muscle unable to reach full normal length

Question 18

What is spasm?

Answer 18

Abnormal contraction beyond physiological need

Question 19

What is ropiness?

Answer 19

Cord-like, hard muscle tone indicating chronic condition

Question 20

Tissue texture changes

Answer 20

Vascular:
Acute - inflammed vessel wall injury, endogenous peptide released
Chronic - Sympathetic tone increases vascular constriction

Sympathetic:
Acute - Local vasoconstriction overpowered by local chemical release, net effect vasodilation
Chronic - Vascoconstriction, hypersympathetic tone, may be regional

Musculature:
Acute - local increase in tone, muscle contraction, spasm - mediate by increase spindle activity
Chronic - Decreased muscle tone, flaccid, mushy, limited ROM due to contracture

Question 21

What is asymmetry determined by?

Answer 21

Vision or palpation

Question 22

What is anatomical barrier?

Answer 22

Limited motion imposed by anatomic structure and limit of passive motion

Question 23

What is physiological barrier?

Answer 23

Limit of active motion

Question 24

What is elastic barrier?

Answer 24

Range between physiological and anatomic barrier of motion when passive stretch occurs before tissue disruption (aka warming up)

Question 25

What is restrictive barrier?

Answer 25

Functional limit that abnormally diminish normal physiological range

Question 26

What is an example of restricted ROM/abnormal end feel?

Answer 26

Early muscle spasm (protective), late muscle spasm (chronic), hard capsular (frozen shoulder), and soft capsular (synovitis)

Question 27

What are trigger points?

Answer 27

Small hypersensitive areas within myofascial structures and causes referred pain away from site

Question 28

What is the goal of OMT?

Answer 28

Remove somatic dysfunction and restore homeostasis

Question 29

PROM

Answer 29

Patient must be fully relaxed and must block linkage (stabilize structures to focus movement to only the joint being assessed)

Question 30

Tenderpoints

Answer 30

Small discrete hypersensitive areas within myofascial structures = localized pain

Question 31

Trigger point

Answer 31

Small discrete hypersensitive areas within myofascial structures = referred pain away from site

Question 32

Contraindications

Answer 32

Cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, fractures, severe rality Precautions: cancer, fraility due to severe disease, ligamentous laxity states, youth, and elderly

Question 33

Soft tissue approximation

Answer 33

Barrier end-feel w/ ex. of knee flexion

Question 34

Tissue stretch

Answer 34

Barrier end-feel | Ex. ankle dorsiflexion, shoulder lateral rotation, finger extension

Question 35

Bone to bone

Answer 35

Barrier end-feel | Elbow extension