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Neuroscience - Test 1 > Somatic Motor System > Flashcards

Somatic Motor System Flashcards

0
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with elbow flexion?

A

C5 and musculocutaneous nerve

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1
Q

Is the somatic nervous system voluntary or involuntary?

A

Voluntary

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2
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with wrist extension?

A

C6 and radial nerve

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3
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with elbow extension?

A

C7 and radial nerve

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4
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with finger flexion?

A

C8 and median and ulnar nerves

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5
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with finger ABD?

A

T1 and median and ulnar nerve

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6
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with hip flexion?

A

L2 and femoral nerve

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7
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with knee extension?

A

L3 and femoral nerve

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8
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with ankle dorsiflexion?

A

L4 and peroneal (fibular) nerve

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9
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with great toe extension?

A

L5 and peroneal (fibular) nerve

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10
Q

What is the cord segment and peripheral nerve(s) associated with ankle plantarflexion?

A

S1 and tibial nerve

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11
Q

What are the three regions of gray matter?

A

Dorsal, lateral, and ventral horns

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12
Q

What do the dorsal horns contain?

A

Sensory nerve fibers

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13
Q

What do the lateral horns contain?

A

Cell bodies of autonomic neurons

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14
Q

What do the ventral horns contain?

A

Cell bodies of motor neurons

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15
Q

What area are the lateral horns most prevalent and why?

A

Thoracic - needed for the ANS

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16
Q

Where are the first and second laminae located?

A

Marginal layer

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17
Q

Where are the third and fourth laminae located?

A

Nucleus proprius

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18
Q

Where is the seventh laminae located?

A

Nucleus dorsalis

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19
Q

Where is the ninth laminae located?

A

Motor nuclei

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20
Q

Where is the tenth laminae located?

A

Grisea centralis

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21
Q

What are the two types of tracts for the white matter?

A

Ascending and descending tracts

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22
Q

What are the ascending tracts and what information do they carry?

A

Afferent and they carry sensory information to the brain

23
Q

What are the descending tracts and what information do they carry?

A

Efferent and they carry motor information from the brain to the body

24
Q

What are the two types of motor neurons and where are they located?

A
  1. Upper motor neurons (UMNs) - located in the brain and synapse with LMN
  2. Lower motor neurons (LMNs) - located in the spinal cord
25
Q

Where do the LMN originate?

A

Ventral horns of the spinal cord

26
Q

What is graded control?

A

Process that determines the correct amount of force necessary to complete an activity

27
Q

What are the two types of motor units and where are they found?

A
  1. Fast - upper extremity

2. Slow - lower extremity

28
Q

What are the two types of abnormal reflexes and what do they entail?

A
  1. Diminished - abnormality in the LMNs

2. Increased - abnormality in the UMNs

29
Q

What is reciprocal inhibition?

A

Contraction of an agonist with simultaneous relaxation of an antagonist

30
Q

Are withdrawal reflexes slower or faster than myotatic reflexes?

A

Slower

31
Q

What are the two types of UMN tracts and what type of information do they carry?

A
  1. Ascending - somatosensory

2. Descending - motor

32
Q

What are the two systems of the descending UMN pathways?

A
  1. Lateral system - outer extremities

2. Medial system - trunk movement and stance

33
Q

Is a dermatome innervated by an anterior or posterior root?

A

Posterior

34
Q

Is a myotome innervated by an anterior or posterior root?

A

Anterior

35
Q

What are the two types of neurons and what do they innervate?

A
  1. Alpha motor neuron - extrafusal fibers

2. Gamma motor neuron - intrafusal fibers

36
Q

What do alpha motor neurons trigger?

A

Generation of force

37
Q

What do gamma motor neurons regulate?

A

Sensitivity of muscles to stretch

38
Q

Where are the dorsal and ventral horns the largest and why?

A

Lumbosacral enlargement b/c the LE has bigger muscles to innervate

39
Q

What does the white matter contain?

A

Axons

40
Q

What does the gray matter contain?

A

Synapses and cell bodies

41
Q

What is two point discrimination?

A

When a person can tell if there are two fingers (points) touching your skin - Lamina III and IV

42
Q

What is the journey of a LMN?

A

Travels out the ventral horn, through the ventral root to the spinal nerve, and then to the muscle fiber

43
Q

What is the reverse myotatic reflex?

A

Regulates muscle tension in normal range and acts as a protective response

44
Q

What is a tract?

A

Bundles of UMN axons that travel in the white matter

45
Q

What is the distribution of fibers from the lateral and anterior/medial corticospinal tract?

A

Lateral - 90% of fibers

Anterior/medial - 10% of fibers

46
Q

What is the lateral corticospinal tract responsible for?

A

Fine control of the distal extremities

47
Q

What is the pathway of the lateral corticospinal tract?

A

Two neuron process: Travels from the cortex to the midbrain to the pons, to the medulla, crosses at the cervicomedullary junction to the lateral corticospinal tract in the spinal cord

48
Q

What is the pathway of the medial corticospinal tract?

A

Travels from the cortex to the midbrain to the pons to the medulla and then to the ventral column of the spinal cord (no cross)

49
Q

What is the pathway of the rubrospinal tract?

A

Travels from the midbrain to the pons to the medulla and to the lateral column of the spinal cord (does not originate in the cortex)

50
Q

What is the pathway of the reticulospinal tract?

A

Travels from the pons to the medulla to the spinal cord

51
Q

What is the function of the tectospinal tract?

A

Tract that is involved in hearing or seeing things and then turning your head in the proper direction

52
Q

What is the pathway of the tectospinal tract?

A

Originates in the midbrain and travels to the pons to the medulla and then to the spinal cord

53
Q

What is the function of the corticobulbar tract?

A

Voluntary control drive to the brainstem (automatic breathing)

54
Q

Where does the rubrospinal tract originate?

A

Red nucleus

55
Q

What are the cords involved in central cord syndrome?

A

Corticospinal and spinothalamic tracts

56
Q

What is the tract involved with anterior cord syndrome?

A

Ascending spinothalamic tract

Neuroscience - Test 1 (7 decks)

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