Somatovisceral sensitivity I

Question 1

Common features of somatovisceral sensitivity

Answer 1

receptors all over and inside the body
afferent fibres are distributed among many peripheral nerves and tracts and thus, do not form special nerve such as the optic nerve

Question 2

tactile sense

Answer 2

detection and cn processing of non-harmful mechanical stimuli of the skin

Question 3

4 sensations of the tactile sense

Answer 3

touch
pressure
vibration
tickle

Question 4

tacticle sense receptors are physiologically classified?

Answer 4

slowly adapting mechanoreceptors
rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors
type c mechanoreceptors

Question 5

tactile and thermoreception is found from

Answer 5

skin and mucous membranes

Question 6

proprioception is found from

Answer 6

muscles, tendons, joints, and bones

Question 7

visceral sensitivity is found from

Answer 7

thoracoabdominal viscera

Question 8

nociception is found from

Answer 8

almost all organs

Question 9

slowly adapting tactile sense receptors

Answer 9

merkel’s discs

ruffini’s endings

Question 10

rapidly adapting tactile sense receptors

Answer 10

meissner’s corpuscles
krause’s corpuscles
tactile hair
free nerve endings (type c)

Question 11

very rapidly adapting tactile sense receptors

Answer 11

pacinians corpuscles

Question 12

meissner’s corpuscle modality

Answer 12

stroking, fluttering (gentle)

Question 13

merkel’s disc modality

Answer 13

pressure, texture

Question 14

pacinian corpuscle modality

Answer 14

vibration

Question 15

ruffini ending modality

Answer 15

skin stretching

Question 16

thermal receptors

Answer 16

cool and warm receptors, heat and cold nociceptors

Question 17

cool receptor modality

Answer 17

skin cooling 25C

Question 18

warm receptor modality

Answer 18

skin warming 41C

Question 19

heat nociceptor modality

Answer 19

hot temp >45C

Question 20

cold nociceptor modality

Answer 20

cold temp <5C

Question 21

nociceptors

Answer 21

mechanical, thermal-mechanical (two types), polymodal

Question 22

mechanical nociceptor modality

Answer 22

sharp, pricking pain

Question 23

thermal-mechanical nociceptor modality

Answer 23

1st: burning pain
2nd: freezing pain

Question 24

polymodal nociceptor modality

Answer 24

slow, burning pain

Question 25

muscle and skeletal mechanoreceptors

Answer 25

muscle spindle primary and secondary golgi tendon organ joint capsule mechanoreceptor stretch-sensitive free endings

Question 26

muscle spindle primary - modality

Answer 26

muscle length and speed

Question 27

muscle spindle secondary - modality

Answer 27

muscle stretch

Question 28

golgi tendon organ modality

Answer 28

muscle contraction

Question 29

joint capsule mechanoreceptor modality

Answer 29

joint angle

Question 30

stretch-sensitive free endings modality

Answer 30

excess stretch or force

Question 31

pacinian corpuscle location

Answer 31

mesentry between layers of muscles on intraosseous membranes

Question 32

proprioception

Answer 32

sensorial information about position and movement sequences

Question 33

muscle spindle

Answer 33

proprioceptive spindle

Question 34

muscle spindle is formed of

Answer 34

group of fusiform bundles (spindle) of encapsulated and specialised muscle fibers with independent sensory and motor innervation

Question 35

intrafusal muscle fibres

Answer 35

encapsulated and specialised muscle fibers that occur in spindle-like (fusiform) bundles

Question 36

muscle spindles are sensitive to

Answer 36

muscle stretching = changes in muscle lenght

Question 37

types of intrafusal muscle fibres

Answer 37

nuclear bag fibres | nuclear chain fibres

Question 38

What structures surround intrafusal muscle fibres?

Answer 38

Extrafusal muscle fibers

Question 39

extrafusal muscle fibers

Answer 39

skeletal muscle fibers that surround intrafusal muscle fibres

Question 40

nuclear bag fibres

Answer 40

intrafusal muscle fibres which have dilated central portion with multiple nuclei inside

Question 41

nuclear chain fibres

Answer 41

intrafusal muscle fibres with nuclei arranged in a row

Question 42

what types of nerve components do the muscle spindles have?

Answer 42

sensory and motor

Question 43

what types of sensory nerve components do the muscle spindles have?

Answer 43

primary and secondary sensory nerve fibres

Question 44

what types of motor nerve components do the muscle spindles have?

Answer 44

gamma motorneurons

Question 45

primary and secondary sensory nerve fibre location

Answer 45

they spiral around the central portions of intrafusal muscle fibres

Question 46

what do the primary and secondary sensory nerve fibres do

Answer 46

inform about muscle stretch=lenght

Question 47

gamma motorneurons

Answer 47

lower motor neurons role in keeping the muscle tense also adjust the sensitivity of muscle spindles

Question 48

primary sensory fibres of muscle spindle synonym

Answer 48

type Ia sensory fibers

Question 49

what do type 1a sensory fibres do

Answer 49

they monitor how fast muscle stretch changes = velocity of the stretch

Question 50

type Ia sensory fibers are

Answer 50

fast axons

Question 51

What charactires type I a sensory fibres?

Answer 51

``` rapid adaptation (as soon as muscle stops changing lenght they stop firing and adapt to the new leght. ```

Question 52

where are type 1a sensory fibres?

Answer 52

they wrap the central part of nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibers with annulospiral nerve endings.

Question 53

secondary sensory fibres of muscle spindle synonym

Answer 53

type II sensory fibres or typeAbeeta

Question 54

what do type II sensory fiber do?

Answer 54

they inform about the position of muscle

Question 55

whew are type II sensory fibres

Answer 55

innervating the ends of nuclear bag and nuclear chain fibres

Question 56

what charactireses type II sensory fibres

Answer 56

they are non adapting fiberes (even when there is no change in muscle lenght they keep respoding to stimuli and informing about thestill muscles position)

Question 57

muscle spindles are placed in

Answer 57

parallel with the extrafusal fibres

Question 58

golgi tendon organs are placed in

Answer 58

in serial connection with the extrafusial fibres