Somatovisceral sensitivity II

Question 1

Nociceptor receptors are

Answer 1

free nerve endings located in most of the body

Question 2

nociceptors are absent from

Answer 2

CNS and most of the viscera (kidney, liver, lungs, altough widespread tissue damage can cause slow aching pain in these areas)

Question 3

nociceptor adaptation

Answer 3

very little, actually hyperalgesia

Question 4

types of pain

Answer 4

fast and slow

Question 5

fast pain time of response

Answer 5

0.1 s after a pain stimulus

Question 6

fast pain feels like

Answer 6

needle, cutting, burning

Question 7

fast pain is felt on

Answer 7

superficial but not on the deeper tissues

Question 8

slow pain time of response

Answer 8

felt after 1 s or more and increases slowly during s and min

Question 9

slow pain is associated with

Answer 9

tissue destruction

Question 10

slow pain occurs

Answer 10

in almost any tissue

Question 11

nociceptor groups

Answer 11

polymodal and mechanosensitive

Question 12

polymodal nociceptor fibres

Answer 12

type IV or C

Question 13

polymodal nociceptors respond to

Answer 13

mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli of high intensity

Question 14

polymodal nociceptor pain

Answer 14

slow pain

Question 15

mechanosensitive nociceptor fibres

Answer 15

Adelta or type III

Question 16

mechanosensitive nociceptors respond to

Answer 16

mechanical stimuli of high intensity

Question 17

types of nociceptors

Answer 17

1. thermal pain stimuli
2. chemical pain stimuli
3. mechanical pain stimuli

Question 18

thermal pain stimuli

Answer 18

receptors for burning hot

receptors for freezing cold

Question 19

chemical pain stimuli

Answer 19

bradykin
histamine
serotonin
Ach
acids
K+

Question 20

mechanical pain stimuli

Answer 20

tissue disruption
ischemia
muscle spasm
excessive pressure

Question 21

analgesia system of the CNS

Answer 21

contol system that suppresses pain impulses entering the CNS

Question 22

Which areas are involved in the analgesia system of the CNS

Answer 22

1. areas of the mesencephalon, upper PONS, and 3rd and 4th ventricle
2. areas of the lower pons, upper and lateral medulla oblongata
3. pain inhibitory complex in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord

Question 23

visceral sensory signals are

Answer 23

very limited
mostly unconscious
related to the regulation of their activity

Question 24

most consciously percieved visceral sensory signals

Answer 24

occur in response to intense mechanical or chemica stimuli = painful sensations

Question 25

visceral pain is transmitted via

Answer 25

type IV fibres

Question 26

how does visceral pain differ from superficial and deep pain

Answer 26

localised pain not very strong but diffuse can be very intense no direct relation in between injury extent and pain intensity

Question 27

referred pain

Answer 27

feel of pain in a body part that is far from the tissue causing the pain

Question 28

Convergence theory

Answer 28

theory of referred pain brain gets confused because of visceral pain fibers synapse in the same second-order neurons in spinal cord as those neurons that receive pain from the skin.

Question 29

spinal afferent nerves carry

Answer 29

all the somatic sensory information from the trunk and limbs

Question 30

visceral sensory information is carried by

Answer 30

Mostly sympathetic autonomous NS nerves

Question 31

cranial afferent nerves carry

Answer 31

sensory information from the head

Question 32

ascending tracts

Answer 32

unconcious-> spinocerebellar tract conscious -> lemniscal or dorsal columnar tract and spinothalamic tract

Question 33

spinothalamic tract splits into

Answer 33

lateral and anterior spinothalamic tracts

Question 34

spinocerebellar tract splits into

Answer 34

posterior (direct) spinocerebellar tract and anterior (crossed) spinocerebellar tract

Question 35

all the sensitive information enters through the

Answer 35

posterior root of the spinocerebellar tract

Question 36

lemniscal or dorsal columnar tract is responsible for

Answer 36

discriminative=epicritic touch vibratory sense awareness of muscular coordination

Question 37

anterior spinothalamic tract is responsible for

Answer 37

crude=prostopathic touch, pression, itching, tingling, sexual sensations

Question 38

lateral spinothalamic tract is responsible for

Answer 38

pain and temperature

Question 39

dorsal or lateral spinocerebellar tract is responsible for

Answer 39

unconcious proprioception of the lower extremities

Question 40

ventral or anterior spinocerebellar tract is responsible for

Answer 40

unconcious proprioception of the upper extremities

Question 41

nr of neurons in the spinothalamic tract

Answer 41

3

Question 42

1st neuron in the spinothalamic tract

Answer 42

dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerves

Question 43

where do dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerves synapse?

Answer 43

in the gelatinous substance of rolando of the posterior horns

Question 44

2nd neuron in the spinothalamic tract

Answer 44

sensitive decussation | medial lemniscus of the brain stem

Question 45

3rd neuron in the spinothalamic tract

Answer 45

• Ventrobasal complex of the thalamus | ventral posterolateral nucleus

Question 46

3rd neuron in the spinothalamic tract ends in

Answer 46

the sensory cortex

Question 47

soma of the 3rd neuron in afferent tract

Answer 47

sensory nucleus of the thalamus

Question 48

axons of the 3rd neuron in afferent tract

Answer 48

projecting to sensitive cerebral cortex

Question 49

soma of the 2nd neuron in afferent tract

Answer 49

spinal cord or brain stem

Question 50

soma of the 1st neuron in afferent tract

Answer 50

posterior root ganglion of a spinal nerve or cranial nerve ganglion

Question 51

peripheral extension of the 1st neuron in an afferent tract

Answer 51

sensory receptor

Question 52

central extension of the 1st neuron in an afferent tract

Answer 52

synapse with the 2nd order neuron in the spinal cord

Question 53

lemniscal tract 1st neuron

Answer 53

dorsal root ganglia of the spinal nerve

Question 54

2n neuron of lemniscal tract

Answer 54

in medulla oblongata | synapse in nucleus cuneatus and the nucleus gracilis

Question 55

nucleus cuneatus

Answer 55

bundle of burdach

Question 56

nucleus gracilis

Answer 56

bundle of goll

Question 57

sesitive decussation of 2nd neuron of lemniscal tract

Answer 57

at the medulla oblongata

Question 58

3rd neuron of lemniscal tract

Answer 58

ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus

Question 59

3rd neuron of lemniscal tract ends at

Answer 59

sensory cortex and cerebellum

Question 60

fasciculus gracilis contains

Answer 60

ascending fibres of sacral, lumbar and 6 lower thoracic nerves

Question 61

fasciculus cuneatus contains

Answer 61

ascending fibres of cervical and 6 upper thoracic nerves

Question 62

spinocerebellar tracts have how many neurons

Answer 62

only 2

Question 63

1st neuron of spinocerebellar tracts

Answer 63

dorsal root ganglia of spinal nerves

Question 64

1st neuron of spinocerebellar tracts synapse in

Answer 64

clark column (dorsal nucleus)

Question 65

decussation of 2nd neuron of the spinocerebellar tracts

Answer 65

posterior doesn't decussate | anterior decussates at spinal cord

Question 66

2nd neuron of the spinocerebellar tracts ascends up to

Answer 66

medulla oblongata and/or pons

Question 67

2nd neuron of the spinocerebellar tracts ends in

Answer 67

cerebellar cortex