SOP PA28 VFR Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
Hvordan læses checklister?
A
Venstre Hånd, på yoken.
2
Q
Hvis flow i checkliste bliver afbrudt?
A
Gentag sidste punkt som blev gennemført inden afbrydelsen.
3
Q
Ingen checklister under hvilken højde?
A
1000 feet AGL
4
Q
Hvor ofte Gyro check?
A
15 min, eller efter manøvre
5
Q
Hvad betyder de “shaded areas” på checklisten?
A
Må undlades hvis piloten var med på forrige tur.
6
Q
Efter Engine Start?
A
Check Oil Pressure - 1000 RPM (by heart)
7
Q
Hvad skal radioer stå på efter engine start?
A
Audio Panel i Auto
COM 1 + 2 i out
Transmit sat til COM 2
8
Q
På hvilken radio skal ATIS modtages?
A
COM 2
9
Q
Hvad vælges på radioen efter ATIS er hørt?
A
Tower FRQ på både COM 1 og COM 2
10
Q
Hvad gøres lige efter ATIS er hørt?
A
Sæt QNH på alle altimeter, og check altimeter
Sæt heading bug på vind
11
Q
Hvad skal altimeter checket for?
A
Inden for 60 ft
Maks forskel på 90 fod mellem altimetre
12
Q
Hvad skal du overveje efter at have hørt ATIS?
A
Special VFR?
Maximum indicated altitude during DEP?
13
Q
Hvordan udføres radio check?
A
Initial call på COM 2, hør svar på COM 2, svar tilbage på COM 1
14
Q
Hvad skal COM 2 normalt bruges til?
A
121,5 (ATIS, VOLMET)
15
Q
Lige inden taxi begyndes?
A
Landing Light ON
Parking Brake OFF
16
Q
Hvad skal du gøre lige efter TAXI er begyndt?
A
“Brakes - Checked”
17
Q
Brake Failure?
A
Mixture - Cut Off
Rudder til at undgå obstacles
18
Q
Steering Failure?
A
Mixture - Cut Off
Diff. Brakes til at undgå obstacles
19
Q
Hvad skal du gøre under taxi’en?
A
“Needle Left, Ball right, Gyro decreasing, Horizon steady, compass follows”
“Needle Right, Ball Left, Gyro Increasing, Horizon Steady, compass follows”
20
Q
Min RPM ved Taxi?
A
800 RPM
21
Q
Hvis motoren kører ujævt under taxi?
A
Retard mixture 2 cm
22
Q
Before crossing RWY?
A
“Clear Left, Clear Right”
23
Q
Under taxi: Vind forfra, venstre
A
Yoke left og neutral
24
Q
Under taxi. Vind forfra, højre
A
Yoke right og neutral
25
Under taxi. Vind bagfra, venstre
Yoke right og down
26
Under taxi. Vind bagfra, højre
Yoke left og down
27
Under Run-Up skal flyet parkeres?
Næsen i vinden
28
Efter "Before TakeOff Checklist"
COM 1 = Roskilde TWR
COM 1 Standby = Roskilde APP / Copenhagen Info
Com 2 = Roskilde TWR
Com 2 standby = ATIS
Ved NAV:
COM 1 = Roskilde TWR
COM 1 Standby = Næste FRQ
COM 2 = Efter behov
29
Hvis NAV skal bruges?
```
NAV1 = VOR
OBS = Applicabel radial
Samme på NAV 2
DME enten remote eller Frequency mode
Sæt ADF og SSR
Sæt standby FRQ as applicabel
```
30
DEP Briefing:
"VFR departure RWY 21, Roskilde. Normal Take-Off. After departure straight ahead 650 ft, expect right turn inbound Borup HDG 235, climbing for 1300 ft. In case of any failure before Vr "We stop" close throttle and apply sufficient brakes. In case of engine failure after Vr and below 650 ft, check nose down, speed 73 KIAS, throttle idle, flaps as required and land straight ahead within 45 degress, preferable to the L/R according to the wind"
31
Efter DEP Brief:
Sæt wind corrected HDG
32
Hvad kaldes under line up på RWY?
"Final Clear, lining up RWY XX, Bravo intersection"
33
Hvad kaldes på banen efter line up?
"Gyro Checked - RWY identified"
34
Hvordan udføres starten af T/O?
```
Hold brakes
2000 RPM
"Engine instruments - Checked"
"Timing Started"
Release brakes
Full power
```
35
Under T/O roll?
Slight forward pressure på yoke
36
Hvordan "letter mand" flyet?
"55 - rotate"
Accel -> 79 KIAS (Vy) (alternativt 65r KIAS Vx)
"550 flaps up"
"650 turning"
37
Hvordan udføres departure?
I 1000 ft AGL = Accel til 90 KIAS
Derefter Climb Checkliste
38
Hvis der er turbulens under T/O
Delay Vr by 5 kts and Increase Vy/Vx by 5 kts
39
Hvornår er en takeoff en crosswind T/O?
>5kts cross wind
40
Hvordan udføres en crosswind T/O?
Yoke ind i vinden
| Vr 5-10 kts senere, roter hurtigere
41
Hvordan udføres T/O against obstacles?
Full power before brake release
CLIMB Vx
(hvis flaps var brugt grundet andre forhold, træk dem først op efter obstacle er cleared9
42
Hvordan udføres Short Field T/O?
Flaps 25
Full power before break release
Yoke helt tilbage, så airborne hurtigst muligt
Accel i ground effect
(Husk flaps i 400 ft AGL, "550 flaps up")
43
Hvordan udføres Soft Field T/O?
Flaps 25
| Hvis meget blød = Stop ikke flyet
44
Hvordan går man fra Level flight til climb?
Mixture Rich
Full power
Raise Nose to normal climb attitude
Speed 90 KTS
45
Hvordan går man fra climb til level flight?
50-100 ft før start lower nose
Trim as KIAS increase
Ved cruise speed, sæt cruise power setting.
46
Hvad gøres når Transition Altitude passeres?
"Reset altimeters - 1013"
Krydstjek altimetre
"Altimeters Cross Checked"
47
Hvad siges inden man når altitude i climb?
"1000 Ft to go - QNH XXXX"
48
Hvad er cruise power?
2300 RPM
49
Hvad gøres når cruise højde er nået?
Cruise checklist (by heart)
50
Hvilken RPM foretages descent normalt ved?
2000 RPM
51
Hvad skal gøres i god tid inden landing, og hvor længe før?
```
A(C)BC - 10 nm før
A - ATIS
(C - Clearance)
B - Briefing
C - Checklist (descent+app.)
```
52
Hvordan foretages anflyvning til Uncontrolled Airfield
```
5 min før:
Descent + App checklist
Radio Call
1500 ft AGL
Ved AFIS = Følg instrukser
Ved radio =
Overfly signal area 1500 ft AGL, check for wind, RWY in use, signals and traffic
Opposite downwind, descent to 1000 ft AGL
Join normal pattern
State all intentions
```
53
Hvordan udføres et normalt pattern?
Before entering circuit:
2300 RPM, 90 KIAS
Downwind at 1000ft AGL
Abeam threshold:
Carb. heat ON, 1700 RPM
Flaps 10, Speed 80 KIAS, start descent
On base: Check for traffic, flaps 25, speed 75 KIAS
On final: Flaps 40, speed 70 KIAS
"Carb. Heat OFF, Mixture Rich"
Pass threshold at 65 KIAS
54
Final turn, not later than:
500 ft AGL
55
Ved gusty wind, hvad lægges til speed ved landing?
Half the diff. between mean wind and gust. Max 10 Kts
56
Hvordan udføres Power-Off Landing?
When passing Mark = Carb heat On, Throttle Idle
When reaching 73 KIAS, start glide and turn base.
Adjust glide by flaps 10 and 25
On base and final Vglide may be increased by half the headwind component.
Flaps 40, when landing is assured
"Carb heat OFF - Mixture Rich"
57
Hvordan udføres shortfield landing?
Slight lower APP
Vth = 1,3 * Actual VSO
When close to runway, throttle idle. Initiate last part of flare just after threshold.
Keep nose wheel, of ground.
When nose wheel touches =
Keep backpressure, retract flaps, max braking without blocking
58
Hvordan udføres landing on slippery runway?
Slight lower APP
Vth = 1,3 * Actual VSO
When close to runway, throttle idle. Initiate last part of flare just after threshold.
Keep nose wheel, of ground.
When nose wheel touches =
Keep backpressure, moderate braking without blocking.
59
Hvad gøres under Touch and Go?
Flaps up, Trim
60
Hvordan udføres Go-Around?
"Go-Around, Full Power, Flaps 25 or less, G/A attitude, Carb. Heat Off - Positive ROC, Safe Speed, Flaps up"
61
Hvad gøres efter RWY vacated?
Contact GND
Retract flaps
After landing checklist (by heart)
62
How to set up for Airwork?
Micture Rich - 90 KIAS - Fuel pump ON
63
What is a large airspeed change?
More than 20 kts
64
Hvordan udføres en "Large airspeed change" til en mindre speed?
(Carb. heat ON, Mixture Rich)
1500 RPM
5 kts before, advance throttle to correct position
65
Hvordan udføres en "Large airspeed change" til en større speed?
(Mixture Rich)
Full power
5 kts before, reduce throttle to correct position
66
Hvad er slow flight?
Flyvning 5 kts above stall speed
67
Hvordan recovers fra Slow Flight?
Full power, Flaps 25 or less, Safe speed, Carb. Heat Off, Safe Speed, Flaps Up
68
Hvordan forberedes til stall?
Sæt up for AirWork
ACSEL-tjek:
"A - Altitude (>2000 ft AGL)
C - Configuation (Brief)
S - Security (No loose articles, all strapped in)
E - Engine Ins. check, set up fpr airwork
L - Clear of populated areas, clear of clouds, clearing turns"
69
Hvad er min højde i stall?
2000 ft AGL
| Stall completed before 1000 ft på dual flights, ved incipient stall, ved operational needs
70
Hvordan udføres et Clean Stall?
```
Carb Heat On
Throttle Idle
"Expect stall warning"
"Stall"
Lower nose slightly below horizon
Go-Around procedure
(Dont use AILERONS, use RUDDER)
```
71
Hvordan udføres et App. stall (ift et clean stall?)
Carb heat On
Throttle 1700 RPM
Flaps 25
Throttle Idle
72
Hvordan udføres et landing stall (ift et clean stall?)
Carb heat On
Throttle 1700 RPM
Flaps 25, Flaps Full
Throttle Idle
73
Hvad er "safe speed" under en go-around
Vx = 65 KIAS
74
Hvordan udføres et descending turn stall (ift et clean stall?)
```
Carb. heat ON
1700 RPM
Flaps 25
15 degress bank
Reduce power slightly
Start a shallow descent
When descending, start raising nose to provoke warning.
```
75
Hvordan udføres et et turn stall (ift et clean stall?)
15 degress bank
Carb heat ON
Throttle IDLE/1500RPM
Maintain bank and level until stall
76
Spin recovery?
Full rudder opposite direction, yoke forward, aileron neutral, throttle idle. When spin stops, neutralize controls.
77
Engine Failure <500 ft
```
Nose down
Speed 73 kts
Throttle Idle
Flaps as required
Land within 45 degress
```
78
Engine Failure 500 ft - 1500ft
- "Fuel Selector - Change Tank"
- "Fuel pump - On"
- "Speed 73 KIAS"
- (Maintain altitude and trim until 73 KIAS)
- Turn away from unsuitable areas (turn downwind)
- Find suitable field (turn base)
- "Carb. Heat ON"
- "Mixture Rich"
- "Throttle Exercise"
- "Primer In and Locked"
- "Magnetos Checked"
---- No later than Flaps 10---
Mayday + 7700
(Mayday 3x, TWR, OY-XXX, Engine failure, attempting field landing, position XXX, Aircraft type, persons on board, squawking 7700)
PAX Brief:
"Vi har fået motorstop og skal lande på DEN mark, så spænd jer godt fast ("Fuel Selector - OFF")
Kast løse genstande om bag i flyet ("Mixture - Idle cut off")
Og indtag nødstillingen som jeg viste før start ("Magnetos - Pff")
When fully configured: Master Switch OFF
79
Engine Failure > 1500 ft
- "Fuel Selector - Change Tank"
- "Fuel pump - On"
- "Speed 73 KIAS"
- (Maintain altitude and trim until 73 KIAS)
- Turn away from unsuitable areas (turn downwind)
- "Carb. Heat ON"
- "Mixture Rich"
- "Throttle Exercise"
- "Primer In and Locked"
- "Magnetos Checked"
- Find suitable field (turn base)
---- No later than Flaps 10---
Mayday + 7700
(Mayday 3x, TWR, OY-XXX, Engine failure, attempting field landing, position XXX, Aircraft type, persons on board, squawking 7700)
PAX Brief:
"Vi har fået motorstop og skal lande på DEN mark, så spænd jer godt fast ("Fuel Selector - OFF")
Kast løse genstande om bag i flyet ("Mixture - Idle cut off")
Og indtag nødstillingen som jeg viste før start ("Magnetos - Pff")
When fully configured: Master Switch OFF
80
I hvilken højde skal du turn base, ved en emergency landing
1000 ft AGL (optimalt)
81
Hvad gøres anderledes ved "ditching" end engine failure?
Crash drill before landing:
Open Door
Life vest on
Tighten belts
Land close to shore/vessel
Smooth surface = Land into wind
Waves = Land on down-going side
End of flare, nose into wind, lower aft-going wing
82
Hvordan udføres en precautionary landing?
Descent + App checklist
Find field (consider e.g. private and glider fields)
Overfly 1000 ft
Contact ATC
Perform pattern, overfly 300 ft (time length of field)
Land
83
Engine Fire during taxi?
```
"Fuel Selector - OFF" while
Turn to a tailwind position
Set parking brake
"Throttle - Open"
Check "Fuel selector OFF"
"Mixture Idle-Cutoff"
"Battery and Alternator - OFF"
"Magnetos OFF"
"Parking Brake - Set"
"Aircraft - Evacuate"
"If fire - Extinguish"
```
84
Engine Fire after T/O?
```
If possible, Full Power, climb Vy.
Then:
"Fuel Selector - OFF"
"Fuel Pump - OFF"
"Throttle - Open"
"Heater and Defroster - OFF"
When fire stops
"Mixture - Idle Cut-Off"
```
- Find suitable field (turn base)
---- No later than Flaps 10---
Mayday + 7700
(Mayday 3x, TWR, OY-XXX, Engine failure, attempting field landing, position XXX, Aircraft type, persons on board, squawking 7700)
PAX Brief:
"Vi har fået motorstop og skal lande på DEN mark, så spænd jer godt fast ("Fuel Selector - OFF")
Kast løse genstande om bag i flyet ("Mixture - Idle cut off")
Og indtag nødstillingen som jeg viste før start ("Magnetos - Pff")
When fully configured: Master Switch OFF
85
Engine Failure on Crosswind leg?
Do not attempt to reach field, unless tailwind landing or intersecting runway is acceptabel.
Otherwise turn base according to wind
86
Engine Failure on Downwind (Before midfield)
Same RWY, off-RWY or off-airport landing
87
Engine Failure on Base / Final
Off-RWY or OFF-airport landing
88
Engine Fire in Flight?
```
"Fuel Selector - OFF"
"Fuel Pump - OFF"
"Throttle - Open"
"Heater & Defroster - OFF"
Turn away from unsuitable airfields (evt. shallow climb)
When fire stops
"Mixture - Idle Cut-Off"
(If fire persist consider increasing ROD)
```
- Find suitable field (turn base)
---- No later than Flaps 10---
Mayday + 7700
(Mayday 3x, TWR, OY-XXX, Engine failure, attempting field landing, position XXX, Aircraft type, persons on board, squawking 7700)
PAX Brief:
"Vi har fået motorstop og skal lande på DEN mark, så spænd jer godt fast ("Fuel Selector - OFF")
Kast løse genstande om bag i flyet ("Mixture - Idle cut off")
Og indtag nødstillingen som jeg viste før start ("Magnetos - Pff")
When fully configured: Master Switch OFF
89
Engine fire during Airwork?
```
Full power
Flaps 25 or less
Level flight
At safespeed select flaps up
Continue as normal engine fire
```
90
Electrical Fire
```
"Battery & Alternator - OFF"
"All Other switches - OFF"
"Vents - OPEN"
"Cabin Heat & Defroster - OFF"
(Complete the checklist)
```
91
Cabin Fire
"Battery & Alternator - OFF"
"Vents - Closed"
"Cabin Heat & Defroster - OFF"
92
What should a smoke and fire of unknown source be treatet as?
An electrical fire
93
Slowly rising oil pressure?
Divert or precautionary landing
94
Rapidly rising oil pressure?
Forced Landing
95
Zero Oil Pressure?
May indicate sensor failure, unless accompanied by dropping oil temp
If not the case = Forced Landing
96
Flap Failure?
Downwind 90 kts
Base 80 kts
Final 75 kts
Vth 70 kts
97
Recovery from unusual attitudes
```
Airspeed:
If high/incr. - Power Idle
If low/decr. - Power full
Wings Level
Nose on horizon
Adjust power
```
98
Comm failure?
Check frq, volume, Com panel, jacksticks
Try other FRQ and COM's
(Consider cellphone!)
```
S7600
Transmit blind, say every message twice
Maintain VMC
Divert nearest suitable field
Inform ATS after landing
```
99
Open door in flight?
```
Fly level flight
89 KIAS
Close cabin vents
Open storm window
Close latches
```
100
Engine Fire On Ground, engine not yet running?
| Pure checklist
"Starter - Engage"
"Mixture - Idle Cut Off"
"Throttle Open"
101
Engine Failure during T/O Run? (Pure Checklist)
"Throttle - Closed"
| "Brakes - Sufficient"
102
On ground emergency
| Pure checklist
```
"Fuel selector - OFF"
"Mixture Idle-Cutoff"
"Battery and Alternator - OFF"
"Magnetos OFF"
"Parking Brake - Set"
"Aircraft - Evacuate"
"If fire - Extinguish"
```
103
Engine Fire On Ground, engine running?
| Pure checklist
"Fuel selector - OFF"
| "Throttle - Open"
104
Engine failure Immediately after T/O? (Pure checklist)
"Speed - 73 KIAS"
"Throttle - Closed"
"Flaps - As required"
105
Engine failure during cruise? (Pure checklist)
```
"Fuel selector - Change tank"
"Fuel pump - On"
"Speed 73 KIAS"
"Carb. heat - On"
"Mixture - RICH"
"Primer - Locked"
"Magnetos - Checked"
```
106
Engine Fire in Flight (Pure checklist)
```
"Fuel Selector - OFF"
"Fuel pump - OFF"
"Throttle - OPEN"
"Heater & Defroster - OFF"
When fire stop:
"Mixture - Idle CutOff"
```
107
Forced Landing
| Pure checklist
```
"Fuel selector - OFF"
"Mixture - Idle Cut- OFF"
"Battery & Alternator - OFF"
"Magnetos - OFF"
"Seat Belts - Tighten"
```
108
Electrical Fire in Flight
| Pure checklist
"Battery & Alternator - OFF"
"All other switches - OFF"
"Vents - Open"
"Cabin heat & De-froster - OFF"
109
Cabin Fire
| Pure checklist
"Battery and Alternator - OFF"
"Vents - Closed"
"Cabin Heat & De-froster - OFF"
110
Taxi checklist:
"Brakes - CHKD"
| "Flight Inst. - CHKD"
111
Climb checklist:
```
"Flaps - Up"
"Landing Light - OFF"
"Fuel Pump - OFF"
(For flights above TA)
"Altimeter - Set"
```
112
Cruise checklist:
"Power - Set"
"Carb. heat - As required"
"Mixture - Set"
113
Descent checklist:
"Mixture - Set"
"Fuel selector - Fullest Tank"
"Carb. Heat - As required"
"App. Briefing - Completed"
114
Approach checklist:
```
"Altimeter - QNH Set"
"Fuel pump - On"
"Mixture - Rich"
"Carb. Heat - As required"
"Landing Light - On"
"Nav mode - (VLOC/GPS) Selected"
"Nav Aids - Set & CHKD"
```
115
After landing checklist:
```
"Flaps - Up"
"Carb. Heat - OFF"
"Pitot Heat - OFF"
"Fuel Pump - OFF"
"Transponder - Standby"
```
116
Hvor meget olie skal være på?
Mellem 6 og 8 qtz
117
Hvor mange gange skal der primes?
Varmt vejr: 2-3
Koldt vejr: 5-6
Hvis motor er varm, reducer med 2-3 gange
118
Hvor skal checklisten være under motor start?
Under højre lår
119
Hvad skal gøres før throttle reduceres til lave RPM (og hvor mange RPM er "lavt")
Carb. Heat - On, Under 2000 RPM
120
Hvor meget må magnetos droppe?
175 RPM, maks 50 RPM forskel mellem magneter
121
Hvordan tjekkes Carb. Heat?
Verify a noticeable drop in RPM. If ice is suspected, leave it on for 10 sec, verify RPM return to 2000. If not ice is built up, increase RPM to 1500 and re-apply carb. heat.
122
Hvordan tjekkes "Suction"
Skal være mellem 4.8 og 5.1
123
Hvad skal huskes efter "Directional Gyro Deviation er set"?
Tag de ting af, som du tændte for inden.
124
Hvordan beregnes deviation?
"To fly" - "To steer" = skal tilføjes til stb compass heading.
125
Hvad kaldes under flight control tjek?
"Left aileron up, right aileron down, stabiliser down... Right aileron down, left aileron up, stabiliser up"
(Evt All 4 corners, full free movement)
126
Hvad sættes Nav Mode i ved normal VFR flyvning?
VLOC
127
Hvordan udføres punktet "Nav Aids & Transponder"?
Transponder 7000 STB og nav aids as required for the flight.
128
Hvad er Vne?
160 KIAS
129
Hvad er Vno?
126 KIAS (Do not exceed except in smooth air, and then only with caution)
130
Hvad er Vfe?
103 KIAS
131
Hvad er Va? (MTOW)
111 KIAS
132
Hvad er Vs1
50 KIAS
133
Hvad er Vso
44 KIAS
134
Hvor meget usable fuel?
48 USG
135
Hvad er maks demo x-wind?
17 kts
136
Hvad er Vmd?
73 KIAS
137
Hvad er Vy?
79 KIAS
138
Hvad er Vx?
65 KIAS
139
Hvad er forskellen mellem Hot og Cold start?
Hot 1/2 inch throttle
| Cold 1/4 inch throttle
140
Hvordan startes en flooded engine?
```
Throttle full open
Fuel Pump OFF
Mixture idle
Starter
Advance Mixture
Retard Throttle
```
141
En-route climb speed?
90 kts
