SOR - TERM 2 .2 Flashcards
(20 cards)
ESSAY ONE - THESIS
“The more a person imitates the messenger in his inwards and outwards actions, the more complete his love of allah becomes.”
Assess the role of Muhammad’s example for the lives of Muslim adherents.
“The more a person imitates the messenger in his inwards and outwards ac
Thus, Muhammad plays an influential role in the lives of muslim adherents through his inextricable connection to Allah, serving his role as the ultimate model whose inwards and outwards actions create a divine framework for muslims to ‘complete [their] love of Allah”’ and establish a closer relationship with him.
Outline the life of Abraham
Genesis 12: 2 –> Land
“ Go from your country .. to the land and i will show you,”
Genesis 15:5 –> Offspring
“ Look up at the sky and count the stars - if indeed you can count them… so shall your offspring be.”
Genesis 17:19 “ Yes, but your wife Sarah will bear you a son, and you will call him Isaac.”
- The canaanites were in the land that God promised to Abram in the covenant. Abram was 75 years old. After waiting for 24 years God decided to fulfil his promises and Abrams name was changed to Abraham. Sarah Gave birth to Isaac when Abraham was 100.
God responds to Abraham’s lack of faith in having offspring by reaffirming the idea of the covenant.
Marries Sarah
Promises - Land, offspring blessing
Isaac is born
Abraham dies.
MOSES
God intervenes into the lives of the people that he chooses. He takes pity on the people under the rule of the pharaoh.
There were a large number of israelites, so the new pharaoh decided to kill every first born son in each family. One women, puts her son in the river nile, the phaarohs daughter finds the kid and he becomes adopted by her and is named moses.
He was an Israelite who was born in Egypt.
Moses grew up in the palace of the Pharaoh, the man who was enslaving the Israelites.
After killing an Egyptian for hurting an Israelite, Mose ran away.
God granted Moses and his brother Erin to speak on his behalf.
Moses went back to the pharaoh and said this is what the lord, god of Israel said, “let my people go”.
Pharaoh made the Israelites work harder because of this. God reassured the two man that his word would be fulfilled.
The lord said go to the river bank to meet with pharaoh. Pharaoh refused to let gods people go, so god sent 10 plagues. The first nine pharaoh had no reaction and did not let gods people go.
One morning the pharaoh woke up to find his first born son dead. Pharaoh summoned Moses and Erin and told them to be gone with the Israelites.
The Israelites left Egypt and went to the promised land of Canaan.
The Egyptians (pharaohs workers) followed them in attempt to get their slaves back to Egypt. With the help of God, Moses parted the Red Sea and then closed the sea on the Egyptians and pharaoh allowing the Israelites to continue on their path to Canaan.
Describe the convenant with the patriarchs including the promises of people and a land.
The covenant with the patriarchs refers to the promises God makes to Abraham and his sons. A covenant refers to an unconditional promise which God fulfills.
The covenant was established with abraham (Lob) but reaffirmed through moses and the commandments.
Genesis 12: 1 - 2 –> Land
“Go from your country… to the land and i will show you.”
I will make you into a great nation and i will bless you; I will make your name great and you will be a blessing.”
Exodus 20:3
“ You shall have no other gods before me.”
Exodus 20:13
“ you shall not murder”
Exodus 20:15
“ you shall not steal”
Moses 613 Mitzvot
Outline the story of exodus and the giving of the law at Sinai
Exodus 19:3
“ Then Moses went up to god, and the Lord called to him from the mountain and said,”This is what you are to say to the descendants of Jacob and what you are to tell the people of Israel.”
Exodus 19:6
“ You will be for me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.”
Exodus 20:3, 13, 15
No other gods, murder, steal.
the tenth plague killed th Pharaohs son.
Moses parted the Red Sea in pursuit of the promised land.
The Israelites arrived at Mt Sinai, 3 months after leaving Egypt.
Moses knew god wanted to meet with him and so he went up the mountain.
God said to Moses, “Make an announcement to the people of Israel saying that if they obey me and keep my covenant they will be my special people among all the nations….. You will be a holy nation to me. - Exodus 19
God revealed himself ( through voice and the teach) To the sinful people and spoke the Ten Commandments.
God gave the commandments to the Israelites because he was showing them how to live under his blessing and so that other nations could see what it was like to live under his blessing.
10 plagues
red sea
Burning Bush
Moses raised by Pharaohs daughter.
Belief in a single god who is the creator and the ruler of the universe
God is one ( single god)
Deuteronomy 6:4
“ Hear, O Israel: The lord our god, the lord is one.”
God as the creator: Genesis 1:1
“ In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.”
God as the ruler of the universe:
Deuteronomy 32:39
“ I put to death and I bring to life.”
Omniscient: The state of all knowing, god knows everything.
Omnipresent: Present everywhere
Omnipotent: Powerful and having unlimited power.
Outline the unique features of conservative, orthodox and progressive judaism.
Orthodox:
The most traditional denomination of Judaism. Believes in the torah ( both written and oral) as revealed by God to Moses on Mount Sinai. Moses wrote down the torah.
Strict observance of the jewish law (halakha), interpreted in a traditional way, guides religious practices beliefs and daily life.
This term is used to describe jewish traditionalists who accept the authority of the code of the jewish law but they reject the modernist adjustments of the progressive movements.
Most Australian jews are part of the orthodox jewish community.
Conservative:
Conservative judaism accepts the authority of the Halacha but reserves there right to re-interpret this law in keeping with modern needs rather than bowing to divine revelation.
–> looking at what the word of god actually means.
e.g Shabbat is still practiced although jews can drive to get places and men and women are not separated within the synagogue.
Reform:
Given up on the idea that the Messiah will come. Individual people ( not under divine prophecy) wrote the torah not just Moses. Heavily influenced by enlightenment ideas.
Torah as the sacred text.
Monotheism, belief in one god.
Outline the concept if a divinely inspired moral law.
moral law -
Exodus 20:3, 13, 15
prescribed by god -
Given to Moses from god, divinely inspired.
Identify the importance of the covenant for the jewish people.
” I will be your god and you will be my people.” Leviticus 26:12
” He has shown you, O mortal, what is good.
And what does the Lord require of you?
To act justly and to love mercy
and to walk humbly[a] with your God.” Micah 6:8
- Establishes a unique relationship with God and his people. ( established with Abraham and reaffirms with Moses through Leviticus.)
It is the foundation of the Halakha. - Connects the jews to the patriarchs and the historic jewish community.
- Shapes the modern identity.
ERHCS
Covenant - Abraham
Convenant - Moses on Mt sinai
- Outlines the law and god’s relationship with Israel.
The act of circumcison makes followers set apart from other nations.
Identify the importance of the Hebrew bible
Written torah = Tenach = Hebrew bible.
Hebrew bible:
Three elements under the teach which outlines law and god’s relationship with Israel.
Torah:
- First five books
- All jewish law and tradition.
- Was given to Moses at Mount Sinai.
Moral law prescribed by God –> Torah.
Nevi’im ( The prophets, the prophetic vision):
- Includes narrative of the prophets and their interaction with the people of Israel.
- Includes the teachings of the prophets.
- Includes warnings and encouragement from god through the prophets.
Ketuvim ( the writings):
- Include poetry and wisdom literature.
- Provides guidance on areas like suffering, money, friendship and love.
- Other writings.
Torah + Nevi’im +Ketuvim = Tenach.
Important because:
- divinely inspired ( word of god).
- Documents history, laws and the covenant which guides the way of life for people to this day.
- Provides teachings which influence jewish life and ethics.
Identify the importance of the Talmud
The oral torah provides further explanation on the Tenach.
The talmud began to be written down in the 2nd century AD due to the destruction of the second temple ( 70AD) and the subsequent dispersal of jewish communities under roman rule.
The talmud = the written down oral torah.
It is a collection of rabbinical teachings. Originally spoken to the Israelites form God at Mount Sinai.
Mishnah + Gemara + Midrash = Talmud.
Mishnah: The mishnah is the written version of the oral torah, which was handed down orally from moses until the destruction of the temple.
Gemara:Gemara is a summary and further clarification of the oral law written over 300 years after the mishnah.
Midrash:Midrash helps those who seek answers to religious questions by interpreting the words of the torah.
Midrash Halakha: Clarifies jewish law beyond its original context ( muslims can’t drink alcohol, the midrash will say that they cannot do other drugs as well).
Midrash Haggadah: Takes a phrase from the torah and explores it further, may not be entirely correct.
The talmud is important as it expands on the written down torah ( teach) which is the word of god and guides people to the moral ground which they must follow.
Commandments of the torah
- 613 mitzvot in the torah.
–> The mitzvot include guidance on how to be in a relationship with god and each other.
Exodus 20:3 ( You shall have no other Gods before me)
Exodus 20:13 (You shall not murder)
Exodus 20:15 ( You shall not steal)
The mitzvot guides daily life, actions and dress. AS well as:
→ Moral laws ( Do not steal or kill).
→ Social injustice laws ( Caring for the poor ,widows and strangers)
→ Ritual laws ( observe the sabbath)
(MRS) –
Micah 6:8 “ He has shown you, O Mortal what is good. And what does the lord require of you? To act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God.” –> Reflects on the Israelites inability to stick with the covenant.
Prophetic vision
In the nevi’im ( prophets). –> Jews can draw out the meaning of the prophetic vision in the tikkun olam.
- In the hebrew bible, the prophets warned people aainst disobeying God and forgetting the covenant.
- This included seeking social injsutice - caring for the powerless and being honest in business.
- The prophetic vision can be summed up well in the principle of Tikkun olam.
Tikkun olam means ‘repairing the world,’ and the need for social justice.
Micah 6:8 “ He has shown you, O Mortal what is good. And what does the lord require of you? To act justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with your God.” –> Reflects on the Israelites inability to stick with the covenant.
Tikkun olam
Tikkun olam means ‘repairing the world,’ and the need for social justice.
- Righting the wrongs of the world by behaving responsibly.
- Repairing the work by improving social relationships. for jews. Tikkun olam is all about social justice ( seeking to overcome societal issues ) and charity.
- Performing mitzvot to quicken the coming of the messianic age. –> (Orthodox jew view)
Organisation:
- Tikkun Olam makers. ( Improving the lifes of the disabled by building products.)
The book of proverbs
- Ketuvim section of the tenach.
- Reflects the jewish values.
- The book of proverbs was written by King Solomon, the son of David.
- A collection of short sayings on how to live wisely and to do what is right.
Proverbs 3:5-6 “ Trust in the lord with all your heart. And do not lean on your own understanding. In all your ways acknowledge him and he will make your paths straight.”
Proverbs 15:9 “ The lord hates what evil people do. But he loves those who do what is right.”
Proverbs 15:1 “A gentle answer turns away wrath, but a harsh word stirs up anger.”
–> The first five of the commandments comment on relationships between individuals and god and the relationships between people.
–> The second five of the ten commandments discusses the ethical and social norms for human relationships.
ESSAY 2 THESIS
Thus, the sacred texts discuss the words and actions of the key islamic models (Allah and the prophet muhammad). The sacred texts informed practices exercised by the adherents which in turn established the principal beliefs of islam. Muslims find guidance on ethical concerns and the fundamentals of life, hence fulfilling the sacred texts role as divine guidance for those who follow it.
ESSAY 3 THESIS
The foundation of islam is based upon the words and actions of the islamic role models however it extends far beyond just the physical words. Islam involves the interconnection of the head, heart, hands and feet and through interplay between all four of these aspects the ideal image of submission to Allah is established.
ESSAY ONE TOPICS AND QUOTES
Muhammad as the perfect model:
“You have indeed in the messenger of God a beautiful pattern for any one whose hope is in God.” (Qur’an, 33:21) → Good muslims attempt to imitate Muhammad, which in turn helps the adherents to follow Allah.
“Even before receiving the revelation from angel Jibril, Muhammad was living a life characterised by prayer and spiritual searching.” (Hadith). –> Wise and capable leader
“I do not fear you in the least.” ( Quran 39:38) –> Fearless preacher.
Body 2: Inward actions ( belief and faith).
Never will we be struck except by what Allah has decreed for us; He is our protector.” And upon Allah let the believers rely. ( Quran 9:51
” HE IS GOD, THERE IS NO DEITY BUT HE..” ( Quran 59:23)
“There is no compulsion in religion…’ (Quran 2:226) → Shahadah needs to be genuine, not forced.
Body 3: Outward actions ( showing intentional alignment and love towards allah).
“Those who establish regular prayer ( salat) and practice regular charity ( zakat) and belief in God and in the last day: To them shall we soon give a great reward “ ( Quran 4:162)
“The prophet said, your smile for your brother is a charity.” (Hadith) → Example of sunnah which compels Muslims to smile and share compassion through society.
“Whoever performs Hajj and does not commit any obscenity or transgression will return as he was on the day his mother gave birth to him”
–> Hajj absolves you of all sin.
Body paragraph 4: Love of the prophet showing love of allah.
“Say, [O Muhammad], ‘If you love Allah, then follow me, and Allah will love you and forgive your sins. Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.’” ( surah 3:31)→ Links love for Allah with following the prophet.
“Muhammad is the messenger of God.” (Quran 48:29)
ESSAY TWO TOPICS AND QUOTES
Body 1: ( Tawhid and malaika)
Tawhid: ( allah only)
The Prophet (PBUH) said:
They replied, “Allah and His Messenger know best.”
He said: “That they worship Him alone and do not associate anything with Him.” ( hadith 2856)
–>
Practice: living with complete devotion to Allah alone in belief, worship, and daily life.
‘Say: He is God, the One and the Only;God the eternal, Absolute; He begotten; and there is none like unto him.’ (Quran 112:1-4)
Mala’ika:
Salat: ‘”Indeed, prayer prohibits immorality and wrongdoing, and the remembrance of Allah is greater. And Allah knows what you do.” ( Surah 29:45) (guidance)
–> Practice:
Practicing good deeds like salat and abiding with the core ethical teachings.
“…[Angels| Do that which they are commanded’ (Qur’an 66:6) → Angels are obedient to Allah.
Body 2: ( Rasul, Katubullah)
Rasul:
“None of you will have faith until he loves me more than his father, his children, and all of mankind.” → true faith requires not just acknowledging but also loving the prophet. ( hadith 44)
Practice: → Following the actions of muhammad (sunnah)
“For every people there is a messenger. When their messenger comes, the matter is judged between them with justice, and they are not wronged.’ (Quran 10:47)
Katubullah:
Iman (faith) is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and to believe in divine destiny, both the good and the bad of it.” (Hadith 1)
Practice: → Read the sacred texts, follow muhammads actions and listen to the interpretations from Allah, muhammad to recognise the conclusions to ethical concersn.
“It is he who has sent down the book to you(muhammad) with truth , confirming what came before us. And he sent down the taurat and the injeel (Gospel).” (Quran 3:3) → Allah’s book.
Body 3: ( Akhira, Al-Qadar)
Akhira
Hadith 2691
The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
“Whoever says: ‘La ilaha illallah’ (There is no god but Allah), will enter Paradise.”
Practice: → prayer and hajj to forgive sins.
Surah (74:41–47)
“What has brought you into Hell?”
They will say:
❝We were not of those who prayed,
Nor did we feed the poor.
And we used to engage in vain discourse with those who engaged in it,
And we used to deny the Day of Judgment,
Until the certainty (death) came to us.❞
→ Denying the pillars leads one to hell. (jannahssom.)
Al - Qadar:
“God has created you and what you do” ( Quran 37:96) → Allah created and is sovereign over all actions
Practice → Being humble before god. You have no power to dictate where you will go only allah has that capability.
“…And Allah does what he wills.” ( Quran 14:27) → Allah is not controlled by any outside influence e.g. human free will.
ESSAY THREE TOPICS AND QUOTES
Although words, they transpire and provoke action and desires.
Islam being a communal religion:
(Process of jurisprudence)
Ljma:“My umma will never agree on error”
Qiyas: “Alcohol and cocaine example” → Touches on real worldly experience which informs daily life through practices and consumption of food even.
Head:
Tawhid:
‘Say: He is God, the One and the Only;God the eternal, Absolute; He begotten; and there is none like unto him.’ (Quran 112:1-4)
Mala’ika:
“…[Angels| Do that which they are commanded’ (Qur’an 66:6) → Angels are obedient to Allah.
Salat: ‘”Indeed, prayer prohibits immorality and wrongdoing, and the remembrance of Allah is greater. And Allah knows what you do.” ( Surah 29:45) (guidance)
Quran informs actions and beliefs.
Practice:
Practicing good deeds like salat and abiding with the core ethical teachings.
Kutubullah:
Iman (faith) is to believe in Allah, His angels, His books, His messengers, the Last Day, and to believe in divine destiny, both the good and the bad of it.” (Hadith 1)
Heart: ( ethical teachings)
Ethical teachings → (submission to allah shapes ones ethical concerns).
things in pairs ;Marriage, divorce, sex
“Glory to Allah, Who created in pairs all things that the earth produces” (Quran 36:36) → Speaks to marriage, sex within and outside of marriage and divorce.
Men and women complement each other
“They (women) are clothing for you and you are clothing for them.” ( Quran 2:187) → Speaks to gender roles and contraception.
The story of Lut
“Do you commit such an indecency such as no people in all the world have ever done before you? You come to men with lust in place of women.” (Quran 7:80-82) → Speaks to homosexuality.
Hands and feet and whole body:
Actions ( Hadith, tying shoes in a certain order)
“The Prophet (ﷺ) used to pray at night until his feet became swollen.”(Hadith 1130)
Hajj ( pilgrimage)
“Pilgrimage to the house (Kaba) is a duty mankind owes to God.” ( Quran 3:97) –> Hajj is a duty to Allah.”
(salat)Prayer ( sujur involves the whole body).
The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
“I have been commanded to prostrate on seven bones: on the forehead (and he pointed to his nose), the two hands, the two knees, and the ends of the two feet (toes).”( Hadith 812). → Significance in all body parts when submitting to allah. (Emphasis on hands.)
Umma → Islamic community.
