Soto- Midterm Deck Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
Organism
A
-Any living thing
-All the systems working together
2
Q
Ocular
A
The lens making contact with the eye
3
Q
Arm and Base
A
Parts held when carrying the microscope
4
Q
Nosepiece
A
Rotating disk holding assorted lenses
5
Q
Body Tube
A
Guides light to eye
6
Q
Stage
A
What the slide rests on
7
Q
Base
A
Supports the microscope on the table
8
Q
Clips
A
Keeps the slide in place
9
Q
Light Source
A
serves as illumination
10
Q
Objectives
A
Lenses that vary in magnification
11
Q
Coarse Adjustment Knob
A
Brings the image into proper focus
12
Q
Robert Hooke
A
Used cork to discover cells
13
Q
Cell
A
- The basic unit of life
- Term coined by Robert Hooke
14
Q
Prokaryotic
A
Simple cells with a disorganized nucleus
15
Q
Eukaryotic
A
Cells with an organized nucleus
16
Q
Organelle
A
Cell structures
16
Q
Organelle
A
Cell structures
17
Q
Cell Membrane
A
- Regulates what leaves and enters the cell
- The outermost boundary of an animal cell
18
Q
Cytoplasm
A
The filler located in the cell
19
Q
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A
The path used to move things within the cell
20
Q
Lysosome
A
Digest materials no longer needed by the cell
21
Q
Mitochondria
A
Where food is converted into energy
22
Q
Nucleus
A
- Directs the cell’s activities
- Contains the Genetic information
22
Q
Nucleus
A
- Directs the cell’s activities
- Contains the Genetic information
23
***Ribosomes***
Where proteins are produced
24
***Vacuoles***
* Storage areas for food, water, and waste
* Large in plant cells small in animal cells
25
***Cell Wall***
* provides support for the plant cell
* the outermost boundary of the plant cell
26
***Cellulose***
Carbohydrate making up the cell wall
27
***Chlorophyl***
The chemical that collects the sun's energy for the plant
28
***Chloroplast***
The structure that provides the plants food
29
***Golgi Apparatus***
Involved in the secretion of things to the outside
30
***Tissue***
A group of cells working on a specific task
31
***Organ***
A group of tissues working on a specific task
32
***System***
A group of organs working on a specific task
33
***Organic***
Most substances containing carbon
34
***Carbohydrates***
* Ex. Glucose starch cellulose
* Provide energy
* Generic Formula- CH2O
35
***Lipids***
* Ex. fatty acids&Glycerol
* Provide Energy
* Generic Formula- CHOfew
36
***Proteins***
* Ex. amino acids
* Build structures
* Generic formula- CHON
37
***Energy***
Released when bonds are broken
38
***Nucleic Acids***
DNA & RNA
39
***Osmosis***
Movement of water from high to low concentration
40
***Hypotonic***
* A solution with a higher water concentration than the cell
* cells swell in this solution
41
***Hypertonic***
* A solution with a lower water concentration than the cell
* cells shrink in this kind of solution
42
***Isotonic***
A solution with identical water concentration to the cell
43
***Equilibrium***
Balance
44
***Difusion***
Movement of non-water particles from low to high concentration
45
***Enzyme***
A kind of protein that speeds up chemical reactions
46
***Animals***
Consumers
47
***Plants***
Producers
48
***Water***
Makes up 70% of all living
49
***Metabolism***
All activities carried out by the organism
50
* Occurs in the chloroplast
* Reactants- sun, water, and carbon dioxide
* Products- Glucose&Oxygen
***Photosynthesis***
51
* Occurs in the mitochondria
* Reactants- glucose & oxygen
* Products- energy, water, carbon dioxide
***Cellular Respiration***
52
The two theories of life
*Spontaneous Generation- Life from non-life
* Biogenesis- Life from life
53
The cell Theory
* All life is made up of cells
* New cells come from old cells
* Cells are the basic unit of **structure and function** for life
54
Requires only one parent
***Asexual***
55
Requires two parents
***Sexual***
56
* Respond to a stimulus
* Development
* Require Energy
* Adaptation
* Reproduce
* Motion
* Attempt to maintain Homeostasis
* Specific lifespan
* Made up of cells
The nine characteristics of life
57
***The 7 steps of the scientific method***
1. Identify the problem
2. Collect information
3. Form a Hypothesis
4. Perform the experiment
5. Collect and analyze data
6. Make conclusion
7.Accept or reject the hypothesis
58
A fertilized Ovum
***Zygote***
59
i.e. Sperm and ova
***Gametes***
60
Half the expected chromosome number
***Haploid***
61
The expected chromosome number for a given organism
***Diploid***
62
An organism's genetic information
***DNA***
63
A bundle of DNA
***Gene***
64
A structure that carries the genes
***Chromosome***
65
A union of gametes
***Fertilization***
66
The non-reproductive cells
***Somatic***
67
Specific kinds of organisms that successfully reproduce
***Species***
68
* Cell division producing hapliod cells
* Cell divion producing the gametes
***Meiosis***
69
* Cell division producing the somatic cells
* Cell division producing diploid cells
***Mitosis***
70
A change in genetic information
***Mutation***
71
Replication of chromosomes occur
***Interphase***
72
Tetrads form
***Prophase***
73
Chromosomes gather at the equator
***Metaphase***
74
Chromosomes migrate to the poles
***Anaphase***
75
New cells appear
***Telephase***
76
The passing of traits from one generation to another
***Heredity***
77
The study of how alleles affect one another
***Genetics***
78
Different forms for a possible trait
***Alleles***
79
The two alleles are the same for a trait
***Homozygous***
80
The two alleles are different for a trait
***Heterozygous***
81
The frequently seen allele
***Dominant***
82
The characteristic that appears to be hidden
***Recessive***
83
The genetic components for a given trait
***Genotype***
84
The physical appearance for a given trait
***Phenotype***
85
When both possibilities for a trait appear in the offspring
***Incomplete Dominance***
86
Change in Heredity features over time
***Evolution***
87
Members of one species in a given area
***Population***
88
The dying out of a species
***Extinction***
89
Differences in inherited traits may lead to a new species
***Variation***
90
A feature that makes an organism better suited fot its environment
***Adaptation***
91
* Theory presented in 1801
* The organism develops a structure to ensure suvival
* Evolution is due to aquired characteristics
***Lamarck***
92
* theory presented in 1859
* organisms compete for food and space
* survival of the fittest
* natural selection
***Darwin***
93
* Theory presented in 1901
* mutations provide variety
* Adaptive mutations are inherited by organisms
***DeVries***
94
* Theory passed in 1908
* Evolution acts on a population
* small populations are easy to change
* new genes are introduced through migration
* unstable gene frequencies promote evolution
***Hardy-Weinberg***
