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Sound Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

What is sound

A

Sound is a type of energy made by vibrations

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2
Q

What are the two types of waves - on the basis of direction

A

Transverse and longitudinal waves

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3
Q

What type of wave is sound

A

A longitudinal wave

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4
Q

What is a transverse wave

A

When the wave is formed because the oscillation is perpendicular to the disturbance

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5
Q

What are examples of transverse waves

A

Light wave, water wave

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6
Q

What is a longitudinal wave

A

A wave that is former because the oscillation is parallel to the disturbance

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7
Q

What is an example of a longitudinal wave

A

Sound

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8
Q

What is the crest of a wave

A

The highest point of the wave

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9
Q

What is the trough of a wave

A

The lowest point of a wave

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10
Q

What is the wavelength of a wave

A

The length between two consecutive peaks or two consecutive valleys

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11
Q

What is the amplitude of a wave

A

The distance from normal to the crest or trough of wave

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12
Q

What is normal position

A

The line of zero

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13
Q

What are the main characteristics of a sound wave

A

Wavelength, amplitude, time period, frequency, and velocity

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14
Q

What is compression in a longitudinal wave

A

regions of high pressure due to particles being close together

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15
Q

What is rarefaction in a longitudinal wave

A

regions of low pressure due to particles being spread further apart.

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16
Q

What is the peak of a wave

A

A compression or a crest

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17
Q

What is the valley of a wave

A

A rarefaction or trough

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18
Q

What is Amplitude denoted by

A

The letter A

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19
Q

What is the SI unit of amplitude

A

Metre (m)

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20
Q

What is the frequency of a sound wave

A

The number of sound waves produced per second

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21
Q

What is the SI unit of frequency

A

Hertz

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22
Q

What is time period in a sound waves

A

The time in which a wave moves A distance equal to its wavelength

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23
Q

What is time period denoted by

A

The letter T

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24
Q

What is the SI unit of time period

A

Second (a)

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25
What is the velocity of a sound wave
The distance covered by a sound wave in unit time
26
What is the relationship between time period, frequency and the velocity of a wave
Frequency = velocity/ wavelength
27
What are the 3 conditions necessary to produce a sound
A vibrating body, medium to travel and a receiver to listen are needed
28
What are the characteristics of sound
Loudness, pitch, quality and intensity
29
What is the loudness of sound
The degree of sensation of sound
30
What does the loudness of a sound depend upon
It depends upon the amplitude. The more the amplitude the louder the sound.
31
What is the loudness of a sound mesures in
Decibel (dB)
32
What is the pitch of a sound
the shrillness or deepness of a sound
33
What does the pitch of a sound depend upon
It depends upon the frequency. The higher the frequency the shriller the sound, the less the frequency the deeper the sound
34
What is the quality of a sound
The property by which we can distinguish between two different sounds of the same pitch and loudness
35
What is the intensity of a sound
The number of sound waves passing through 1 meter square area in one second.
36
What does the intensity of a sound depend upon
It depends upon the the square of the amplitude
37
What speed does sound travel at
Speed travels at different speeds depending on what it is traveling through
38
Through which medium does sound travel the fastest and why
Sound travels the fastest through solids because the particles are closer together therefore the transfer of energy occurs faste
39
Through which medium does sound travel the slowest and why
Sound travels the slowest Through gas because the particles are further apart therefore the transfer of energy occurs slower
40
What is the reflection of sound
The bouncing back of sound waves from the surface of a solid or liquid
41
What are the laws of reflection of sound
The angle of the incident wave and reflected wave to the normal are equal
42
What is necessary for the reflection of sound
A polished or rough and big obstacle is needed
43
In what devices is the reflection of sound used
Megaphone, loudspeaker, bulb horn, stethoscope, hearing aid, sound board etc
44
How does a loudspeaker work to make sound louder
A funnel like cone shaped tube is used, sound is induced at the narrower end of the tube and let to come out from the wider end. Because of successive reflections, the amplitude of the sound is added up which makes the sound louder
45
How does the stethoscope work
Sound is received by the chest piece and is sent to the ear pieces by multiple reflections through a long tube.
46
What is an echo
Repetitions of sound because of multiple reflections of sound waves
47
What is the human range of hearing
A human can hear between the frequencies of 20Hz to 20 000Hz however children under 5 years can hear sound up to 25 000Hz
48
What is infrasound
Sound produced because of slow vibrations. It produces a sound below 20Hz therefore humans cannot hear it because they are not used to hear sound of that range.
49
What animals can hear and make infrasound
Elephants, rhinos and whales
50
What is ultrasound
Sound above the frequency of 20000Hz. Humans cannot hear unltra sound.
51
What animals can hear ultrasound
Dogs, bats, cats, monkeys, deers etc
52
How do bags catch their prey using ultrasound
A bat produces ultrasound and detects the reflected sound waves coming from any obstacle such as prey. By detecting the reflection of ultrasound, the bat understands the position and type of prey or any obstacle in the way.
53
What are examples of animals that use ultrasound to catch their prey
Dolphins and bats
54
What are the uses of ultrasound
* Detection of ailments in the human body * in cleaning machinery parts which are beyond reach without disassembling of parts * detection of any deformities in metal blocks * detection of any blockade in pipe lines
55
Which parts are the human ear divided into
The external, middle and internal ear
56
What is the external ear
The external ear is outside the Body and extends into the ear canal
57
What is the external ear also known as
The pinna
58
What is the middle ear
The middle ear is composed of the eardrum and the bone ossicles
59
What are the three bone ossicles
The hammer, anvil and the stirrup
60
What is another name for the eardrum
Tympanum
61
What is the internal ear
The internal ear is composed of the cochlea and three semi-circular canals. The cochlea makes the hearing apparatus, and the auditory nerve from it goes to the brain
62
How does the human ear hear a sound
The external ear catches sound waves and channelises them to the ear drum via the ear canal. During compression the pressure increases outside the eardrum which forces the eardrum to move inwards. During rarefaction the pressure outside the eardrum decreases which forces the eardrum to move outwards. Thus, a vibration is produces in the eardrum. Further the three bone ossicles amplify the sound wave, by vibrating in turns. In the inner ear, the vibrations are converted into electrical signals. These signals are transmitted by the auditory nerve to the brain. Finally the brain interprets those signals as sound.
63
What are the 4 types of instruments according to how the sound is produced
Chordophone, membranophone, idiophone and aerophone
64
How does a chordophone produce sound
By vibrating a string
65
How does an idiophone produce sound
By the instrument itself vibrating
66
How does a membranophone produce sound
By vibrating a membrane In the instrument
67
How does an aerophone produce sound
By using loving air/wind/blowing

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