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South Africa Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Cape Town founded and by who?

A

Jan Van Riebeeck in 1652

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2
Q

When did phylloxera strike South Africa?

A

latter half of the 19th century

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3
Q

What does the KWV stand for?

A

Ko-0peratieve Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika

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4
Q

When was the Ko-0peratieve Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika formed?

A

1918

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5
Q

What does the Ko-0peratieve Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika do?

A

a cooperative of wine producers and growers, fixed minimum prices, determined areas of production, and established production limits

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6
Q

When did apartheid end?

A

1994

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7
Q

What did the end of apartheid mean for wine industry?

A

After that the KWV went private in 1997 and spurred a great renewal in the industry.

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8
Q

What does SAWIT mean and when was it formed?

A

South African Wine Industry Trust

formed in 1999

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9
Q

Why was SAWIT established?

A

was established to speed transformation of South African wine and to empower black workers in an industry that had long relied on slave- and apartheid-era labor practices

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10
Q

What is South Africa’s appellation system?

A

Wine of Origin (WO)

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11
Q

Where does South Africa rank in winemaking volume across the world?

A

ranks 9th

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12
Q

When was the Wine of origins (WO) system introduced?

A

1973

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13
Q

How does your wine get approved for the WO system?

A

compels producers seeking certification to submit a sample of their wines for evaluation by a tasting panel, which confirms that each wine shows the correct organoleptic qualities for its cultivar (variety) and age. The wine also undergoes scientific analysis.

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14
Q

Since 2006, if your wine is from the WO and grape is stated what does the percentage need to be?

A

85%

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15
Q

Percentage of vintage on a label?

A

85%

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16
Q

If an area of production appears on the label, (blank)% of grapes must come from the stated area.

A

100%

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17
Q

There are four types of production areas, what are they?

A

geographical unit -> region -> district -> ward

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18
Q

What does it mean if a single vineyard is listed on the label?

A

A single vineyard may be listed on a label if the wine is sourced solely from a vineyard that is appropriately registered and of less than six hectares.

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19
Q

What does it mean when a wine is an estate wine?

A

Estate wines must be produced from contiguous parcels of vineyard land and vinified and bottled on a single property.

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20
Q

What is on the bottle if a wine comes from a WO?

A

A WO seal will appear on the bottle if it passes certification.

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21
Q

What does IPW stand for?

A

Integrated Production of Wine Scheme

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22
Q

What does the Integrated Production of Wine Scheme (IPW) do?

A

a voluntary means of certification for WO producers wishing to comply with sustainable environmental standards. The IPW sets guidelines for agricultural, manufacturing, and packaging practices, and certification falls under the jurisdiction of the SA Wine and Spirit Board. Wineries are judged on a number of points, including worker safety measures, handling of wastewater, carbon emissions, use of pesticides and other chemicals, and vineyard biodiversity.

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23
Q

When was the IPW formed?

A

1998

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24
Q

Starting in 2010, what was added to bottle if they passed IPW inspection?

A

wines that meet a minimum score in IPW evaluation (60% or better) and qualify for WO certification are marked with a joint seal, indicating a “sustainable wine of origin,” rather than the basic WO seal.

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25
What percentage of WO wines hold the IPW certification?
95%
26
What are the 6 large geographical areas (GI's) of South Africa wine?
- Western Cape - Northern Cape - Eastern Cape - Kwazulu-Natal - Limpopo - Free State
27
What is the latitude of the Western Cape?
27 - 34 degrees
28
What is the climate of the Western Cape?
Mediterranean
29
What is the current that cools the Western Cape?
Benguela Current flows north from Antarctica to cool the coastal areas
30
What is the wind that blows through the Western Cape?
he Cape Doctor, a notoriously strong southeasterly wind, blows across the Western Cape throughout the spring and summer, inhibiting fungal disease and moderating temperature—but also ferociously battering the vines.
31
What is the Cape's southernmost district?
Cape Agulhas
32
What is Chenin blanc known as?
Steen
33
What is the most planted white grape in South Africa?
Steen (Chenin Blanc)
34
What are the important white grapes of South Africa?
``` Steen (Chenin Blanc) Chardonnay Sauvignon Blanc Muscat of Alexandria (Hanepoot) Colombard Muscadel (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains) Viognier Semillon ```
35
What are the important red grapes of South Africa?
``` Pinotage Cinsault Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Cabernet Franc Shiraz Pinot Noir ```
36
What is Pinotage?
Pinotage, a crossing of Cinsaut and Pinot Noir
37
Who developed Pinotage and when?
Professor Abraham Perold in 1924
38
What are the characteristics of Pinotage?
It results in a distinctively smoky, fruity, pungent, and full-bodied red wine.
39
What are traditional method sparkling wines called?
Méthode Cap Classique (MCC)
40
What are the two main grapes of Méthode Cap Classique (MCC)?
Chardonnay | Pinot Noir
41
How many districts are in the Coastal Region?
9
42
Name the 9 districts in the Coastal region?
``` Swartland Tulbagh Darling Wellington Paarl Cape Town Franschhoek Valley Stellenbosch ``` Lutzville Valley
43
Stellenbosch is located within which WO Region of South Africa?
Coastal Region
44
Where is Constantia?
Coastal Region
45
________ is South Africa's most planted red grape variety.
Cabernet Sauvignon
46
Although South Africa's wine history extends back several hundred years, its modern history did not really begin until the end of Apartheid in the early ________.
1990's
47
True or False: Certified Wines of Origin (WO) must contain 85% of the stated cultivar and vintage.
True
48
Klein Karoo is best known for what style of wines?
Fortified wine
49
Vin de Constance wines are made with which of the following grapes?
Muscat Blanc à Petit Grains
50
True or False:Most of South Africa's wine regions are located within the Northern Cape.
False
51
What is the most planted grape variety in South Africa?
Chenin Blanc (Steen)
52
True or False: South Africa's grape-growing season occurs between April and September.
False
53
Pinotage is a crossing of Pinot Noir and what other grape?
Cinsault
54
Methode Cap Classique wines must be made with which of the following sparkling wine techniques?
Traditional Method
55
In which century were the first vineyards planted in South Africa?
17th century
56
Which of the following regions surrounds South Africa's Cape Town?
Coastal region
57
Steen is the local South African name for the ________ grape.
Chenin Blanc
58
The most planted white grape in Stellenbosch is:
Sauvignon Blanc
59
The Western Cape's southernmost district is:
Cape Agulhas
60
Breedekloof, Worcester, and Robertson are districts within which WO region?
Breede River Valley
61
"Trilogy" is a famous Bordeaux blend produced by ______________ Wine Estate.
Warwick
62
(Blank) produces the Bordeaux-style blend known as "Rubicon."
Meerlust Esate
63
Muscat de Frontignan is also known as:
Muscat Blanc á Petit Grains
64
Citrusdal Mountain and Citrusdal Valley are districts within which WO region?
Olifants River Region
65
Due to the (Blank) | Current, South Africa's coastal climate is cooler than its latitude suggests.
Benguela Current
66
True or False: Pinotage is a thin-skinned variety most commonly producing lightly colored wines.
False
67
Paarl is located to the ________________ of Stellenbosch.
Northeast
68
The Stellenbosch and Paarl WO districts are separated by (blank) Mountain.
Simonsberg
69
True or False: In Methode Cap Classique (MCC) wines, Pinotage is commonly employed alongside Chardonnay and Pinot Noir in the blends.
False
70
What percentage of grapes must originate from a WO area in order to include it on a label?
100%
71
Elgin, Cape Agulhas, and Walker Bay are districts within which WO region?
Cape South Coast
72
Citrusdal Mountain and Citrusdal Valley are districts within which WO region?
Olifants River Region
73
Hanepoot is a South African synonym for which of the following grape varieties?
Muscat de Alexandria
74
True or False: The historical Vin de Constance styles are fortified dessert wines made from botrytized Muscat de Frontignan grapes.
False
75
What are the regions in the Western Cape?
``` Olifants River Coastal Region Breede River Valley Klein Karoo Cape South Coast ```
76
What are the districts in Olifants River?
Citrusdal Valley | Citrusdal Mountain
77
What are the wards in Citrusdal Valley?
None
78
What are the wards in Citrusdal Mountain?
Piekenierskloof
79
What are the wards of Olifants River Region without districts?
Spruitdrift | Vredendal
80
What is the name of the large co-op winery that is located in Olifants River Region?
Vredendal known for Colombard and chenin blanc bulk production
81
What grapes and wine are Olifants River Region known for?
Colombard Chenin Blanc Bulk wine production
82
What are the wards of the Costal Region without a district?
Bamboes Bay | Lamberts Bay
83
What are the districts of the Coastal Region?
``` Swartland Darling Tulbagh Wellington Paarl Cape Town Stellenbosch Franschoek Valley Lutzville Valley ```
84
What are the wards in Swartland?
``` Malmesbury Paardeberg Paardeberg South Riebeekberg St Helena Bay ```
85
Name three key producers in Swartland?
Sadie Family Wines A.A. Badenhorst Family Wines Mullineux
86
What is the climate of Swartland?
hot and dry | cooled by the breezes off the atlantic to the west
87
What are the soil types of Swartland?
- mainly granite and shale under Oakleaf, Tukulu, and Klapmuts soil
88
What are the main grapes in Swartland?
Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc Syrah, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinotage
89
What is the ward within Darling?
Groenekloof
90
What are the main grapes of Darling?
White: Sauvignon Blanc, Chenin Blanc, Chardonnay Red: Cinsault, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Shiraz, Pinotage
91
What is special about Tulbagh?
Its higher altitude creates a significant diurnal temperature shift, and MCC production there is increasing.
92
What are the major grapes and styles of Tulbagh?
White: Chenin Blanc, Colombar, Muscat d'Alexandrie, Chardonnay Red: Cinsault, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Pinotage Sparkling and Dessert Wines
93
Name a key producer from Tulbagh
Key Producers: Fable Mountain Vineyards
94
What style of wine is Wellington known for?
Fortified wines
95
What are the wards within Paarl?
Agter-Paarl Simonsberg-Paarl Voor-Parrdeberg
96
Where is the producer Nederburg located?
Paarl | largest producer and first house to produce a botrytised dessert wine in South Africa
97
What is the name of the auction that is held in Paarl and when did it start?
1975 | Nederburg Wine Auction
98
What are the main grapes in Paarl?
Chenin Blanc, and Chardonnay Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz, Pinotage
99
What are the major natural features of Paarl?
Berg River Hawequa Mountains Simonsberg Mountain
100
What are the wards within Cape Town?
Constantia Durbanville Hout Bay Philadelphia
101
What are the major grapes of Cape Town?
White: Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, Riesling, Sémillon, Chenin Blanc Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Shiraz, Pinotage Vin de Constance (Constantia): Muscat de Frontignan
102
What is the climate of Cape Town?
Cool sea breezes blow northward from False Bay, and average February temperatures hover around 70 degrees Fahrenheit, promoting a lengthy growing season ideal for dessert wines and cool-climate white grapes like Sauvignon Blanc.
103
What is the grape of Vin de Constance?
Muscat de Frontignan
104
What are the key producers of Cape Town?
Constantia - Groot Constantia, Klein Constantia, Constantia Uitsig, Steenberg, Buitenverwachting Altydgedacht, Durbanville Hills
105
What style of wine is Hout Bay known for?
Sparkling wines
106
What is a viticultural threat in Cape town?
- fungal disease due to the humidity
107
What are the wards in Stellenbosch?
``` Banghoek Bottelary Devon Valley Jonkershoek Valley Papegaaiberg Polkadraai Hills Simonsberg-Stellenbosch Vlottenberg ```
108
Which region is South Africa’s most prominent winemaking region?
Stellenbosch
109
What has become the epicenter of viticultural and oenological research for the country?
Town of Oaks in Stellenbosch
110
What are soil types in Stellenbosch?
alluvial loam over shale on the valley floors to decomposed granite and sandstone on the hillsides
111
What are the main grapes of Stellenbosch?
Cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc are the district’s two most planted varieties, followed by Merlot, Shiraz, and Chenin Blanc.
112
What is the climate of Stellenbosch?
With a maritime-influenced climate comparable to—but warmer than—Bordeaux,
113
Name some highly regarded producers in Stellenbosch.
blended reds based on Cabernet Sauvignon, such as Warwick Estate’s “Trilogy” and Meerlust’s “Rubicon,” garner high praise. Kanonkop (a champion of Pinotage), Rust en Vrede, and Neil Ellis round out a sampling of highly regarded producers in the district.
114
What body of water lies to the South of Stellenbosch?
False Bay
115
What mountains are in Stellenbosch?
Helderberg Stellenboschberg Simonsberg
116
What style of wines are Franschhoek Valley known for?
Sparkling Wines | Fortified Wines
117
Where is Graham Beck located?
Franschhoek Valley
118
What is the ward within Lutzville?
Koekenaap
119
What are the districts of Breed River Valley?
Breedekloof Roberson Worcester
120
Which region produces the most wine in South Africa?
Breede River Valley
121
What are the main grapes of Breede River Valley?
White: Colombard, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Chenin Blanc Red: Cabernet Sauvignon, Shiraz
122
Name two key producers in Robertson ward.
Graham Beck Wines, Springfield Estate
123
What is a lot of grapes made into in Breede River Valley?
Brandy
124
What is a major natural feature in Breede River Region?
The Breede River
125
What are the wards in the Klein Karoo without a district?
``` Cango Valley Montagu Outeniqua Tradouw Tradouw Highlands Upper Langkloof ```
126
What are the districts in Klein Karoo?
Calitzdorp | Langeberg-Garcia
127
What wine style is the focus in Klein Karoo?
Fortified and sweet wine production
128
What are the most promising grapes in Klein Karoo?
Muscat and Tinta Barroca
129
What are the districts in the Cape South Coast?
``` Elgin Overberg Walker bay Cape alguhas Swellendam Plettenberg bay Lower Duivenhoks River ```
130
What are the wards in Cape South Coast without a district?
Herbertsdale Still Bay East Napier
131
What is the ward in Cape Agulhas?
Elim
132
What are the wards in Overberg?
Elandskloof Greyton Klein River Theewater
133
What are the wards within Swellendam?
Buffeljags Malgas Stormslei
134
What are the wards of Walker Bay?
``` Bot River Hemel-en-Aarde Ridge Hemel-en-Aarde Valley Upper Hemel - en Aarde Valley Springfontein Rim Stanford Foothills Sunday's Glen ```
135
What are the main grapes of Walkers Bay?
Chardonnay Pinot Noir Pinotage
136
Name a winery that was a pioneer in Walkers Bay?
Hamilton Russell Winery
137
The two wards in Walkers Bay known for high quality wine production are?
Bot River | Hemel-en-Aarde
138
What are the main grapes in the Northern Cape and styles?
White: Chenin Blanc, Colombard, Chardonnay, Muscadel, Muscat of Alexandria (primarily a white wine region) Red: Pinotage, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Petit Verdot, Tannat seems like bulk wine production, with large co-op wineries

Advanced Exam 2022 (27 decks)

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