South Africa pre-1948

Question 1

What was the first group to inhabit SA?

Answer 1

the San people

Question 2

When did farming practices start in SA?

Answer 2

Around 2000 years ago

Question 3

What was the new tribal identity of San people who adopted these farming practices

Answer 3

the Khoikhoi people

Question 4

What tribal group became the largest in SA and when?

Answer 4

the Zulus, from 1800-1850

Question 5

When was the war between the UK and Zulus and what was the outcome?

Answer 5

1878-1885, UK conquered Zulus

Question 6

What were the two dominant white groups in SA?

Answer 6

Afrikaner and British Descent

Question 7

Who were the Afrikaner people descended from and what centuries did they arrive in SA?

Answer 7

Descended from mostly Dutch people, and some French and Germans, in the 1600s and 1700s

Question 8

Who made up the Coloured population

Answer 8

Anyone not classified as white, African or Indian. This included slaves brought from Indonesia and descendants of the San and Khoikhoi people

Question 9

Which African groups were not classed as African

Answer 9

San and Khoikhoi people, counted as Coloured

Question 10

Why did most Indians arrive to SA

Answer 10

Mostly hired to work on plantations

Question 11

When did Britain hand SA self-government and why was this significant

Answer 11

1910, significant as they didn’t require white people to share power with African people, making most of government White

Question 12

When did White Women gain the vote

Answer 12

1930

Question 13

When did Africans completely lose the right to vote and became disenfranchised?

Answer 13

1936

Question 14

Before 1948 where were most Africans forced to live?

Answer 14

Townships

Question 15

What was the first city to completely urbanise in SA?

Answer 15

Johannesburg

Question 16

What was the population of Johannesburg in the following years:

1886:
1900:
1948:

Answer 16

1886: 3,000
1900: 100,000
1948: 1,000,000

Question 17

Why did Johannesburg urbanise so quickly?

Answer 17

Gold was discovered nearby, and the city rapidly grew to service miners who moved there for work

Question 18

2 reasons why Africans benefitted out of WW2

Answer 18

• South African Industry expanded to export to UK in WW2
• 180,000 White Men fought in WW2 providing more job opportunities for Africans at the time

Question 19

What was the largest township in SA?

Answer 19

Soweto

Question 20

By 1948 White people owned what % of land in the country

Answer 20

80%

Question 21

What is the staple crop of South Africa?

Answer 21

Maize

Question 22

When was the Boer War?

Answer 22

1899-1902

Question 23

What was the impact of the Boer War?

Answer 23

It left tensions between the White British population and the Afrikaner population

Question 24

Name a politician in the 1910s who aimed to ease tensions after the Boer War

Answer 24

Jan Smuts

Question 25

What was the goal of Jan Smuts in the 1910s and 20s?

Answer 25

To unify the white population of SA back together

Question 26

Who succeeded Jan Smuts for the first time, what year and what party

Answer 26

J.B.M Hertzog, leader of the Afrikaner National Party, 1924

Question 27

What three changes did Hertzog make for SA from 1924-34

Answer 27

- Bilingualism in National Civil Service - Afrikaans a National Language alongside English - Afrikaans teaching in schools mandatory as well as English

Question 28

What was the United Party, when and why was it formed

Answer 28

A unity between Hertzog and Smut's parties into one United Party in order to fight the Great Depression. Formed 1934

Question 29

Who formed the NP and when

Answer 29

D.F Malan in 1934

Question 30

What was there a large increase of in during the 1920s and 1930s regarding nationality

Answer 30

Afrikaner Pride

Question 31

What major Afrikaner event took place in 1938 sparking celebrations and national pride

Answer 31

Centenary of the Great Trek

Question 32

Why was the Afrikaner vote significant by 1948

Answer 32

The Afrikaner population gained a sense of identity of pride of themselves as a 'volk' or people, so they voted in unison which was a lot in the national vote

Question 33

What was the Broederbond

Answer 33

A secret society of upper-class Afrikaners who shared a Christian, Nationalist, Republican ideology

Question 34

What was the main church of Afrikaners

Answer 34

Calvinist Dutch Reformed Church

Question 35

Why did the Calvinist Dutch Reformed Church support segregation

Answer 35

They believed that God had a different plan for black people and white people so black people should be segregated to maintian this

Question 36

Who did most Afrikaners support in WW2

Answer 36

Nazis

Question 37

What is an example of a fascist-leaning group formed by Afrikaners who opposed fighting Germany?

Answer 37

Ossewabrandwag

Question 38

At its peak, how many Ossewabrandwag members were there

Answer 38

300,000

Question 39

How did Ossewabrandwag influence the 1948 elections

Answer 39

Opposed Britain as they were fighting Nazis, and Smuts had strong UK relations

Question 40

How did WW2 affect global perception on racial discrimination in SA

Answer 40

Before the war, many countries had some form of racism employed, but after the Holocaust shocked so many, a push towards equal rights for all took place, making SA's racism less okay with others

Question 41

Who gave SA sympathy before 1948 regarding racial views and 2 reasons why

Answer 41

The USA, as segregation was still supported in many places and the SA was staunchly anti-communist

Question 42

Why were White people very against Smuts in the 1948 elections

Answer 42

He flirted with some more liberal ideas, and people thought this would threaten White Rule

Question 43

Name one policy Smuts wanted introduced which scared White people

Answer 43

A rapid expansion of healthcare across the country, serving both Black and White people

Question 44

What was the Afrikaner phrase for the threat of African power

Answer 44

swart gevaar (black danger)

Question 45

What was the Afrikaner phrase for the flooding of Africans into cities

Answer 45

oorstrooming (flooding)

Question 46

What particular change did White people think would occur under the UP

Answer 46

Interracial Sex and Marriage

Question 47

What % of votes did Smuts get in the 1948 elections

Answer 47

49%

Question 48

What % of votes did Malan get in the 1948 elections

Answer 48

37%

Question 49

Despite getting less votes, how did Malan win

Answer 49

The voting system depended on how many constituencies won, rather than how many people voted. Malan won more constituencies, although these were often rural and unpopulated, while Smuts got less constituencies, but the ones he won were the most populated and won him most votes

Question 50

How many Africans in the 1951 census

Answer 50

8.5 million

Question 51

How many White people in the 1951 census (and how many Afrikaner, how many British)

Answer 51

2.6 million, made up of 1.6 million Afrikaners and 1 million British

Question 52

How many Coloured people in the 1951 census

Answer 52

1.1 million

Question 53

How many Indian people in the 1951 census

Answer 53

400,000