South African psych Flashcards
(23 cards)
1
Q
who was Jan Christiaan Smuts and what did he theorise
A
- SA prime minister (1870 - 1950)
- published: Holism and evolution (1926)
2
Q
what is holism
A
- holistic approach to personality
- holism: idea that guides human development & personality actualization
- personality is the highest form of of holism
3
Q
what is the personality according to holism
A
- Every life form is a unity
- operates according to its own inherent laws and forms
- shapes the product of life into a harmonious whole.
4
Q
how did smuts says personality must be studied
A
- biological point of view (Walter Whitman)
- biological phenomena are best studied in the most perfect and developed specimens
5
Q
what should replace psychochology and why, according to smuts
A
- personology
- psych is too analytical to study personality
- personology: Study personality as a whole, look at its laws and phases of development
6
Q
personology
A
- new field: not psychology, but still contain it
- psych is too impersonal, focus on inner growth and development
- less focus of external aspects
7
Q
Alfred Adler
A
- founder of individual psych
- 1st to break away from freuds inner circle
- said that smuts ‘holism’ was the best way to study individual psych
8
Q
which of Alfreds views did Smuts agree with
A
- questioning the role of sex in personality
- Adlers personality and power complex
9
Q
Fritz Perls
A
- Perls family moved to Joburg and established the:
- South African Institute of Psychoanalysis (SAIP)
- felt that psychoanalysis was inadequite: reached out to holism
10
Q
Perls & League of nations
A
- problem with the LON would not be understood without looking at ego-boundaries and their holistic functions
11
Q
Marie Bonaparte
A
- analysed and trained by Freud
- Fled Nazis with the greek royal family (married in)
- went to Egypt but were not welcome
- lived in CT
- paid for freud to go from Germany to England
- she paid Freuds 20% emigrant property tax that Nazis demanded
- when he paid her back she used the money to reproduced his works
12
Q
Bonaparte and Smuts
A
- shared interest in psychobiography
- Disagreed with Perls
- complete 2 manuscripts while in SA.
13
Q
Gordon Allport
A
-
14
Q
(criticism) where did Allport spend time in in Stellenbosch and what were their beliefs
A
- the father of prejudice studies associated himself with this org.
- spent time with the South African Beureau of Racial Affairs
- racist organisation, justified racism with theoretical and academic reasoning
- said that Aparatheid was the only solution for SA
15
Q
criticism of Allports lectures
A
- lectured on how frustration need not lead to aggression (failed to convince student)
- he looked at the integration of all groups, but didn’t include the oppression of black people
- lectured on prejudice, perception, national character and intergroupo conflict
16
Q
Allports greatest contributions
A
- his 2 books were landmarks in personality psychology and intergroup attitudes
17
Q
Allport and Manns research
A
- investugated marginalised coloured personality
- personality traits: insecurity, self pity, overly sensitive.
- tried to find differences between black and white, long standing and a justification for white superiority
18
Q
pettigrew
A
- internal personality factors are important when looking at racial intollerence
- however sociocultural factors are essential when looking at racial hostility
- personality factors: authoritarianism and being susceptible to conform played a roll in understanding bigotry
19
Q
criticism of pettigrews authoritarian personality theory
A
- emphasised attitudes and stereotypes
- neglected macro factors of institutional analysis
- however his work led to sociocultural explanations of prejudice and not personality factors
20
Q
Kurt Danzinger
A
- the future of oppressed groups
- used Allport instrument on future autobiography to look at this
- future biography: look at lives in 50 years and then look back at their lives
- Worked with political prisoners in SA- caused him to be exiled in Canada.
21
Q
Danziger diverged from Allport
A
- systemic racism isn’t necessarily connected to individual personality traits.
- personality as a focus for studying racism is limited by the social context in which the research happens.
- our understanding of personality is shaped and restricted by the society we live in, which makes it hard to study racism through personality alone.
22
Q
N. Chabani Manganyi
A
- first black psychologist in SA.
- wrote about violence, racism and the effects of oppression on the minds and bodies of black people. - effects of institutionalized racism on the internal worlds and external realities of SA people
23
Q
Manganyi psychoanalytical thinking
A
- psychoanalytic thinking: personality = looking at the bigger picture, roles they play in society, social structures around them.
-> understand personality, interact with & influenced by the social world - therefore: study personality on its own, separate from these social factors, because people are always part of a larger social context.
