South America

Question 1

Physiography

Answer 1

Question 2

Climate

Answer 2

• the Andes contribute to the climate (the ways the Rockies affect Canada)
  *

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

• Darker colours = more concentrated pop.

Question 4

Population Cartogram

Answer 4

Question 5

Incan Empire

Answer 5

• Cultue hearth- intermontane basin around Cuzco (1200-1535 A.D.)
• Altiplanos- were key to settlement patterns
• 20 million subjects at it’s zenith
• Transportation networks and integration efforts were most impressive

Question 6

Indingenous and Colonial Domains

Answer 6

Question 7

Major Geographic Qualities

Answer 7

• Physiography + Climate is dominated by the Andes Mountains and the Amazon Basin (other minor forms)
• Population is concentrated along the periphery (extensions to interior)
• Cultural pluralism exists in most countries and is expressed regionally
• Regional economic interaction has been minimal in the past

Question 8

Culture Spheres

Answer 8

• Tropical-plantation
• European Commercial
• Amerind-subsistence
• Mestizo-transitional
• Undifferentiated

Question 9

Tropical-plantation

Answer 9

• Locations, soils, and tropical climates favor plantation crops, especially sugar
• Initially relied on African slave-labour

Question 10

European Commercial

Answer 10

• the most “latin” part of South America
• Inclues de Pampas- temperate grasslands
• Exonomically most advanced
• Transportation networks a d quality of life are better than the rest of the realm

Question 11

Amerind-subsistence

Answer 11

• Correlates with the former Inca Empire
• Feudal socioeconomic structure persists
• Includes some of South America’s poorest areas
• Subsistence agriculture must contend with difficult environmental challenges

Question 12

Mestizo-transitional

Answer 12

• Surrounds the Amerindian-subsistence region
• A zone of mixture-culturally & agriculturally
• Transitional - economic connotations

Question 13

Undifferentiated

Answer 13

• Characteristics are difficult to classify
• Sparesly populated
• Isolation and lack of change - notable features
• Devel. of Amazonia may prompt significant changes

Question 14

Urbanization

Answer 14

• The movement to and clustering of people in towns and cities
• The percentage of a country’s population living in cities
• 81%- continent-wide in south america
• South America’s increase based on rate of natural increase and internal migration
• The “Latin American City” model

Question 15

The West (andean south america)

Answer 15

• Peru, ecuador, bolivia, paraguay
• Regional character: amerindian populations, subsistence agriculture, mountainous environments, povery
• Peru- 27.7 mill ppl
  
  • Lima is the prime city
  • Economic activities: fishing, irrigated agriculture, suagr, cotton, rice, fruit, oil, minerals (an emergency economy)

Question 16

Peru

Answer 16

• 27.7 mill ppl
• Lima is the prime city
• Economic activities: fishing, irrigated agriculture, suagr, cotton, rice, fruit, oil, minerals (an emergency economy)

Question 17

Ecuador

Answer 17

• 13.6 miill ppl
• Main exports: oil, coffee, cacao, bananas
• Guayaquil- largest city and commercial center
• Quito- capital and administrative center

Question 18

Bolivia

Answer 18

• 9.2 mill ppl (dispersed)
• Landlocked

Question 19

Paraguay

Answer 19

• 6.3 mill
• 95% mestizo
• A transitional state

Question 20

Brazil

Answer 20

• South America’s giant
• World Rankings
  
  • Population size: 5th in world of biggest
  • Territory: 5th largest territory
  • 8th largest economy
  • Industrial base (lvl of manufacturing) is 7th largest

Question 21

Sao Paulo

Answer 21

• ?
• Status of seperate state because of its success
• Leading industrial producer
• Agricultural production and exansion
• Fazendas
  
  • Revenues
• Immigration
  
  • Skilled labor
• Relative location
  
  • Ores from minas gerais
  • Hydroelectric power

Question 22

Forward Capital Brasilia

Answer 22

• Capital city positioned in a contested or potentially contested territory
• Usually near an international border\
• Conforms the state’s determination to maintain its presence in the territory under contention

Question 23

Two Class System: Bazil

Answer 23

• GNP per capita is 7.3$k
• Largest income gap in the realm
• Wealthiest 10% of the pop.:
  
  • pwn 2/3 of land
  • control 50% of country’s wealth
• Poverty has increased by 50% since 1980

Question 24

The south (mid-latitude south america)

Answer 24

• the southern cone: argentina, chile, paraguay, uruguay
• Heart of european-commercial spehere
• Argentina- 40.3 mill people
  
  • 90% urbanuzed, peripheral

Question 25

Chile

Answer 25

16.4 mill an "elongated" state of 4000km

Question 26

ENSO

Answer 26

El Niño Southern Oscillation * irregularly periodical climate change caused by variations in sea surface temperatures over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting much of the tropics and subtropics. The warming phase is known as El Niño and the cooling phase as La Niña. * Regular climate phenomenon in a 3-7 year period * Worldwide teleconnections * Atlantic hurricanes * Prairie drought * Pacific Storms * ETC