explain the basics of a world political map
shows sovereign nation states which are self- governing countries, dynamic nature as borders change, also shows disputed international borders
examples of changing world political map
Eritrea independent from Ethiopia in 1993, what was Yugoslavia is now 7 countries called Balkan states, 15 countries formed in 1991 by secession from USSR
secession
transfer of part of a state’s area and population to another state
state
area of land of an independent country with well defined boundaries, in which their is a body of people under a single government
key features of states
defined territory, sovereignty, gov recognised by other states, capacity to engage in formal relations with other states, independence: self governing, a permanent population with a right of self determination
state power in understanding world political map
depends of range of political, economic, physical and social factors. degree of resilience measured by fragile states index which measures the factors mentioned
nation
large group of people with strong bonds of identity, don’t have sovereignty
nation-state
nation that has independent state of its own, most states nowadays are nation-states
sovereignty
absolute authority which independent states exercise in the government of the land and people in the territories
internal sovereignty
a states exclusive authority
external sovereignty
need for mutual recognition among other sovereign states
territorial integrity
principle under international law that prohibits states from the use of force against the “territorial integrity or political independence” of another state, UN works to maintain it
norms
derived from moral principles and behaviours which have developed over time throughout the world, part of international law and upheld by state govs and citizens
basis of norms
UN article 2.1 lets all UN member states to determine their own government form, govs are expected to have domestic laws in line with UN charter
intervention
required to solve conflicts or humanitarian crises such as serious violation of human rights
examples of intervention methods
economic sanctions, military intervention, humanitarian assistance
geopolitics
relates to the global balance of political power
aspects of geopolitics
powerful ACs, growing EDCs, LIDCs very uninfluential. UN, EU, ASEAN, MERCOSUR also have geopolitical power. TNCs also becoming influential w/ more globalisation
governance
application of laws, regulations, ethical standards and norms. It’s the way global affairs are managed
how global governance works
usually cooperative leadership. Agreements about environment, trade, reducing poverty, human rights, civil conflict, health issues, and finance. said to be most effective sustainable development tactic but some say it undermines sovereignty and marginalises poorer countries
