space physics

Question 1

what galaxy is our solar system part off

Answer 1

the Milky Way galaxy

Question 2

how many planets do our solar system make up

Answer 2

8

Question 3

what do the plants in our system orbit around

Answer 3

the sun

Question 4

what type of body is the sun

Answer 4

a star

Question 5

what type of force pulled together the cloud of dust and gas to form the sun

Answer 5

gravitational force of attraction

Question 6

what word is used to describe a cloud of dust and gas

Answer 6

a nebula

Question 7

what type of reactions take place at the start of a star lives cycle as dust and gas is drawn together

Answer 7

fusion reactions

Question 8

what factor determines the type of lifecycle of a star undergoes

Answer 8

the size of the star

Question 9

which two phases do all stars of the same or greater size than the sun undergo

Answer 9

1. protostar phase
2. main sequence phase

Question 10

what do stars of a similar magnitude to the sun become at the end of their life-cycle

Answer 10

a black dwarf

Question 11

what two things can stars much bigger than the sun become at the end of their lifecycle

Answer 11

1. neutron star
2. black hole

Question 12

what 2 phases do stars of a similar size to the sun go through between being a main sequence star and a black dwarf

Answer 12

1. red giant
2. white dwarf

Question 13

what 2 phases do stars of a greater size than the sun go through between being a main sequence star and a neutron star/black hole

Answer 13

2. red super giant
3. supernova

Question 14

what are produced during the fusion processes in a star

Answer 14

all of the naturally occurring elements

Question 15

what condition is required for fusion reactions to occur in a star

Answer 15

very high temps

Question 16

how are elements heavier than iron produced

Answer 16

supernova

Question 17

what type of nuclei fuse together to form heavier elements in a star

Answer 17

hydrogen nuclei fuse to form heavier elements

Question 18

how are elements distributed throughout the universe

Answer 18

through the explosion of a massive star
supernova

Question 19

how are elements distributed throughout the universe

Answer 19

through the explosion of a massive star

Question 20

what allows planets and satellites to maintain circular orbits

Answer 20

gravity provides the gravitational force that acts as the objects centripetal force
the presence of a centripetal force allows for the object to maintain its circular orbit

Question 21

what type of satellite can a plants moon be described as

Answer 21

a natural satellite

Question 22

give 2 examples of artificial satellites

Answer 22

1. tv satellites
2. satellites used for satellite images

Question 23

explain why for a stable orbit, the radius of orbit must be change if the speed changes

Answer 23

at higher speeds, the object requires a greater centripetal force
for greater centripetal force, the gradational force must increase
this is achieve by the radius of the orbit being reduced

Question 24

explain how the force of gravity acting on a satellite affects its speed and velocity

Answer 24

the force can alter its velocity since the direction is continually changing
it cants cause a change of speed since there is no force component in the direction of motion

Question 25

what is red-shift

Answer 25

an observed increase in the wavelength of light from distant galaxies

Question 26

what two things can be said about the motion and wavelength of emitted light from a galaxy, the further away it is

Answer 26

the further away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving the further away a galaxy is, the greater the observed increase in wavelength

Question 27

what does red-shift provide evidence for

Answer 27

provides evidence that the universe is expanding supports the Big Bang theory

Question 28

what does the Big Bang theory suggest

Answer 28

the entire universe started from a very small, hot and dense region in space

Question 29

compare the observed red-shift of two galaxies, one further away than the other

Answer 29

the galaxy that is further away is travelling faster the observed red-shift is greater the fitter away it is

Question 30

what did scientists observe to prove evidence that the universe is expanding at an ever faster rate

Answer 30

they observe supernovae which suggested that galaxies are moving away at an ever faster rate

Question 31

prior to observations of supernovae what was believed about the rate of expansion of the universe

Answer 31

the rate of expansion was expected to occur at an ever slower rate it was thought that gravitational forces would cause this slowing down

Question 32

wat 2 ideas could explain the universes ever increasing rate of expansion

Answer 32

the existence of energy and mass that we cannot detect - known as dark matter and dark energy these ideas are still be developed by scientists and are not yet fully understood