Spain and naval warfare Flashcards
(5 cards)
Tactics in naval warfare
-line of b…, where ships would l… up and f… together at the e…
-r… were common, p… were d… before enemy s… could f… back
-fire s…, an old s… would be lit on f… and sent into the m… of an enemy f…
-line of battle, where ships would line up and fire together as the enemy
-raids were common, ports were destroyed before enemy ships could fight back
-fire ships, an old ship would be lit on fire and sent into the middle of an enemy fleet
Technology in naval warfare
-new type of s… called the l… allowed for much faster t… and better m…
-more powerful c… meant they could f… further d…
-a… allowed for greater a… when p… routes and v…
-new type of sail called the lateen allowed for much faster travel and better manoeuvrability
-more powerful cannons meant they could fire further distances
-astrolabe allowed for greater accuracy when planning routes and voyages
The Spanish armada
Plan:
-in 158., Phillip .. of … launched the a…
-… ships, .k sailors and ..k soldiers would sail to the N… and collect more m… before i… England
-sail in a c… formation
-Phillip was c… he would defeat the English n… so ships were f… up with land w…
Start:
-Spanish troops were d… waiting for t… in the N…
-sir F… drake commanded that England s… early, so … fire s… were sent into the Spanish f…
The battle:
-the battle of G… began
-the English r… constantly, but no Spanish ships were s…
-the Spanish leader, Duke of M… Sidonia, tried to lead the d… battleships h…
-the English f…
The storm:
-the armada was b… off c…
-they quickly ran out of f…, with water p… and no m… for the waters around B…
-many ships were w…
-s… who made it to s… were killed by the S… or the Irish
-out … ships only … returned to Spain
Plan:
-in 1588, Phillip II of Spain launched the armada
-151 ships, 7k sailors and 34k soldiers would sail to the Netherlands and collect more men before invading England
-sail in a crescent formation
-Phillip was confident he would defeat the English navy so ships were filled up with land weapons
Start:
-Spanish troops were delayed waiting for troops in the Netherlands
-sir Francis drake commanded that England strike early, so 8 fire ships were sent into the Spanish fleet
The battle:
-the battle of Gravelines began
-the English fired constantly, but no Spanish ships were sunk
-the Spanish leader, Duke of medina Sidonia, tried to lead the damaged battleships home
-the English followed
The storm:
-the armada was blown off course
-they quickly ran out of food, with water polluted and no maps for the waters around Britain
-many ships were wrecked
-survivors who made it to shore were killed by the Scot’s or the Irish
-out 151 ships only 65 returned to Spain
How was the armada defeated
English t…:
-fire s… broke c.. formation, making the i… ships more v… to attack
-b… by English c… made r… impossible
-English had f… ships and more e… commanders
Spanish m…:
-Spanish s… were not d… for English w… and harsh c…
-they were d… in the N…
-their w… were mostly for l… use, leaving them almost d… at s…
-the commander was i…
The w…:
-s… caused a lot of d… to the Spanish f…
-storms d… return to S…, meaning their r… went off
English tactics:
-fire ships broke crescent formation, making the individual ships more vulnerable to attack
-bombardment by English cannons made regrouping impossible
-English had faster ships and more experienced commanders
Spanish mistakes:
-Spanish ships were not designed for English weather and harsh conditions
-they were delayed in the Netherlands
-their weapons were mostly for land use, leaving them almost defenceless at sea
-the commander was inexperienced
The weather:
-storms caused a lot of destruction to the Spanish fleet
-storms delayed return to Spain, meaning their resources went off
Consequences of the defeat of the Spanish Armada
-great v… for E…
-proved England was a n… power
-Elizabeth continued to s… the n…
-most c… had declared their l… to Elizabeth
-made E… even more p…
-helped contribute to the idea of the “g… age”
-great victory for England
-proved England was a naval power
-Elizabeth continued to strengthen the navy
-most catholics had declared their loyalty to Elizabeth
-made Elizabeth even more popular
-helped contribute to the idea of the “golden age”
