Spanish Final (Cultura + Gramática) Flashcards
(157 cards)
1
Q
In order to command or demand someone to do something, as long as that person is familiar to you (you’re not using formal), all you have to do is conjugate the verb in the … form.
A
él, ella, usted
2
Q
Translate to Spanish:
Wash the dishes, right now!
(lavar)
A
¡Lava los platos, ahora mismo!
3
Q
Translate to Spanish:
Do your homework!
(hacer)
A
¡Haz tu tarea!
When demanding someone to do something, there are a few irregulars. They are as follows:
hacer —> haz
tener —> ten
poner —> pon
4
Q
Translate to Spanish:
Speak more slowly.
(hablar)
A
Habla más lentamente.
5
Q
Translate to Spanish:
Camden, don’t sing.
(cantar)
A
Camdenito, no canta.
6
Q
Translate to Spanish:
Open the door.
(abrir)
A
Abre la puerta.
7
Q
Translate to Spanish:
The photo of my family is the most important possesion to me.
A
La foto de mi familia es la posesión más importante para mí.
8
Q
Translate to Spanish:
Red and blue are the best colors for my room.
A
Rojo y azul son los mejores colores para mi dormitorio.
9
Q
Translate to Spanish:
The CD by Nicki Minaj is less popular than the CD by Megan Thee Stallion.
A
El disco compacto de Nicki Minaj es menos popular que el disco compacto de Megan Thee Stallion.
10
Q
Translate to Spanish:
The blue bed is bigger than that one.
A
La cama azul es más grande que ésa.
11
Q
Translate to Spanish:
You sleep.
A
Tu duermes.
12
Q
Translate to Spanish:
They sleep.
A
Ellos duermen.
13
Q
Translate to Spanish:
He can talk.
A
El puede hablar.
14
Q
Who is Salvador Dali?
A
A painter born in Figueras, Spain, known for his surrealist works.
15
Q
What is the subject of Salvador Dali’s famous painting created at age 20?
A
His sister looking out at the ocean, appearing only from the back.
16
Q
What does the Mexican flag symbolize according to tradition?
A
An eagle perched on a cactus devouring a serpent.
17
Q
Where did the Aztecs build their capital city?
A
Tenochtitlán
18
Q
What is la siesta?
A
An afternoon nap after the large midday meal.
19
Q
In which countries has la siesta been traditionally observed?
A
Spain and other Spanish-speaking countries.
20
Q
True or False: Many people in larger cities still take time off work for la siesta.
A
False
21
Q
Fill in the blank: The Mexican flag features an eagle on a _______.
A
cactus
22
Q
Fill in the blank: Salvador Dali was born in _______.
A
Figueras, Spain
23
Q
La arpillera is a popular textile folk art of rough _________ appliqués created by women in _____.
A
patchwork, Chile
Arpilleras are also part of the tapestry category
24
Q
True or false: Las arpilleras are done in brilliant colors.
A
True
25
What is the purpose of **las arpilleras**?
to show the story of daily life, traditions, and values in the country
26
Apartment buildings or houses in a large Spanish city usually have a connecting _____ in the center of the building.
patio
27
What are patios typically welcomed by?
a front gate that the owner has to open to get onto the grounds
28
True or false: Northern Spaniards build their houses AROUND the patios.
False
## Footnote
Southern Spaniards build their houses around the patios.
29
Many patios contain what?
gardens and fountains
30
Who brought the **el patio** architecture to Spain?
the Moors
## Footnote
then the Spaniards brought this to the Americas
31
What of the following options is something you would NOT do in a patio?
**A.** meet
**B.** eat meals and talk
**C.** spend time together
**D.** buss it down while ur aunt hype you up
D. buss it down while ur aunt hype you up
32
True or false: In many Spanish-speaking countries, the architectural features of houses are very different from those in the United States.
True
33
In Spanish-speaking countries, houses tend to be separated from the outside by a barrier such as a tall _____ or _______.
wall, fence
## Footnote
The owner would open a barrier to enter the property where there may be a carport (garage) or small outside area.
34
In many communities, the outside wall of the house is located directly on the ________ and the front windows may contain bars or _____.
sidewalk, **rejas**
35
How may the doors in Spanish-speaking countries be?
large and wooden or big and metal
## Footnote
A plain walled exterior gives no hints about what may be a beautiful, comfortable interior.
36
True or false: It is common to invite non-family members such as coworkers or casual friends into the Spanish-speaking home.
False
## Footnote
Parties often take place in restaurants or small reception halls.
37
Where was Joan Miro born?
Barcelona, Spain
38
When did Joan Miro paint this self-portrait?
1919
39
In this self-portrait, what is Joan Miro wearing?
una *garibaldina* or a cardigan
## Footnote
A cardigan is a collarless sweater or jacket that buttons in the front.
40
True or false: Garibaldinas were very popular during the early 1920s and were commonly the color blue.
False
## Footnote
Garibaldinas were commonly the color _red_.
41
# Match the currencies with the countries
* Bolivia
* Peru
* Costa Rica
## Footnote
word bank: colón, nuevo sol, boliviano
* boliviano
* nuevo sol
* colón
42
# Which currency has this abbreviation?
BOB
boliviano
43
# Which currency has this abbreviation?
sl
nuevo sol
44
# Which currency has this abbreviation?
CRC
colón
45
The images on each country's currency honor their _______ and ________.
history, culture
46
Where was Carolina Herrera born?
Caracas, Venezuela in 1939
47
True or false: Carolina Herrera is one of the world's leading fashion designers.
True
48
What does Carolina's brand, *Carolina Herrera,* create?
fragrance, clothes, and accessories
49
What is *la carnaval*?
a big annual party that takes place in Latin America
50
When is *la carnaval* celebrated?
in the weeks before Lent
51
What is *la carnaval* kicked off by?
beauty pageants and parades
52
*Las Molas* are bright fabric artwork created by ____ Indians of the ________ islands off the coast of _______.
Kuna, San Blas, Panama
53
What does *Mola* mean?
blouse
## Footnote
Originally, the word *mola* was created for clothing but now is considered any piece of fabric using this method.
54
To talk about actions that were completed in the past, what tense do you use?
the **preterite** tense
55
What are the endings of regular -*ar* verbs (such as *estudiar*) conjugated in the preterite?
Regular Preterite -*ar* endings
- -é (yo)
- -aste (tú)
- -ó (él, ella, usted)
- -amos (nosotros)
- -asteis (vosotros)
- -aron (ellos, ellas)
## Footnote
* Note the accent marks on the -é and -ó.
* The nosotros form is the same in the present tense and preterite tenses.
56
Verbs that end in the -car, -gar, or -zar have a spelling change in the __ form of the preterite.
*yo*
## Footnote
buscar: c → qu
jugar: g → gu
almorzar: z → c
57
Conjugate buscar in the preterite tense.
* Yo **busqué**
* Tu **buscaste**
* El/Ella/Usted **buscó**
* Nosotros / Nosotras **buscamos**
* Vosotros / Vosotras **buscasteis**
* Ellos / Ellas **buscaron**
58
Ellos ___________ (pagar) por tarjeta de crédito.
pagaron
59
__________ (mirar) tú los guantes en el almacén?
Miraste
60
A direct object tells who or what receives the ______ of the verb.
action
## Footnote
Eg) I saw **the purse**
61
What are the four direct object pronouns in Spanish?
1. lo
2. los
3. la
4. las
## Footnote
In English, him, her, it, and them are examples of direct object pronouns.
62
True or false: Direct object pronouns have the same gender and number as the nouns they replace.
True
63
Do direct object pronouns come before or after the conjugated verb?
Before
64
They want the book.
Lo quieren.
65
I know them. (Juan and Maria)
Los conozco.
66
# Fill in the blanks with the correct direct object pronoun:
1. Compramos los libros. _______ compramos en la librería.
2. María cocinó la cena. María ______ cocinó.
1. Los
2. La
67
# Choose the correct sentence in each pair:
1A. La quiero ver.
1B. Quiero verla.
2A. Comílo todo.
2B. Lo comí todo.
1. Both A and B are correct
2. B
## Footnote
In question 1, both phrases mean, "I want to see her." They are both right because when there is an infinite involved, the pronoun can be **before the conjugated verb**, or **attached to the end** of the infinitive.
In question 2, A is incorrect because you can't attach a pronoun to a conjugated verb like *comí*.
68
# Conjugate in the "yo" form (pretérito):
1. buscar → __________
2. llegar → ___________
3. empezar → ___________
4. sacar → _____________
1. busqué
2. llegué
3. empecé
4. saqué
69
What does Ñandutí mean?
spider web in the Guaraní language
70
What are Ñandutís?
fine lace weavings in Paraguay
71
Ñandutís can be made for ______________ or ____________ using different colors of ______.
wall hangings, table linens, fabric
72
How do you weave Ñandutís?
using a loom
73
*El* *museo* *de* *oro* is located where?
Bogota, Colombia
74
What does *el* *museo* *de* *oro* house?
over 33,000 items of gold, emeralds, and other precious stones made by pre-Columbian cultures that existed before the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas
75
Why was gold so important in ancient cultures?
it was seen as a life-giving material from the sun
76
What is said to be the world's first flea market?
Madrid's El Rastro
77
What can be found in Madrid's El Rastro?
clothing, fine art, produce, and much more
## Footnote
Every Sunday of the year, *El Rastro* attracts thousands of visitors.
78
True or false: Bargaining is considered cheap and dishonorable at Madrid's El Rastro.
False
## Footnote
Bargaining is acceptable and almost expected.
79
Handicrafts, named ___________, have been popular for years among tourists looking for gifts for loved ones.
artesanías
80
What countries make *Las Artesanías?*
Puerto Rico, Mexico, and other Spanish-speaking countries
81
Visitors to what musuem will find *Las Artesanías*?
the Mexican Fine Arts Center Musuem in Chicago
## Footnote
Visitors can see various pieces of art between pottery, paintings, weavings, and jewelry from all over Mexico.
82
The ________ and other indigenous groups in the Mexican state of ______ have their own languages and cultures. However, every July, they all gather to celebrate the ___________, a ________ word that means "offering" or "gift".
Zapotecs, Oaxaca, *Guelaguetza*, Zapotec
83
The *Guelaguetza* was first celebrated more than 3,000 years ago with music, dance, and food products. How do the festivities look today?
they last two weeks and celebrate regional dances, music, costumes, and foods
84
* aburrir
* doler
* encantar
* faltar
* interesar
* quedar
What do all of these verbs have in common?
they are all conjugated like gustar
## Footnote
**Indirect object noun/pronoun + form of gustar + subject**
Ex.) Me gusta el actor en la telenovela
85
What does the verb *gustar* literally mean in Spanish?
to please
86
How do you decide whether to use gusta or gustan?
use *gusta* for **singular** subjects or **infinitives**; use *gustan* for **plural** subjects
87
How can you emphasize or clarify who is pleased in a sentence using gustar?
use an additional a + pronoun
## Footnote
Ex.) *A mí me gustan los dibujos animados, pero a él no le gustan.*
88
# Translate
Me aburre esta película.
This movie bores me.
89
What does *acabar de + infinitive* mean?
to have just [done something]
90
What are the endings of the regular verb *acabar* (to have just) conjugated in the present?
Regular Present -*acabar* endings
- -acabo (yo)
- -acabas (tú)
- -acaba (él, ella, usted)
- -acabamos (nosotros)
- -acabáis (vosotros)
- -acaban (ellos, ellas)
91
# Translate
Mama acaba de preparar el desayuno de sus hijos.
Mom just prepared her children's breakfast.
92
# Take the bits of sentence below to create sentences of who JUST did what
Carlitos / comer el desayuno
Carlitos acaba de comer el desayuno
93
What are the endings of the boot verb *pedir* (to ask, to order) conjugated in the present?
Boot Present -*pedir* endings
- -pido (yo)
- -pides (tú)
- -pide (él, ella, usted)
- -pedimos (nosotros)
- -pedís (vosotros)
- -piden (ellos, ellas)
94
What are the endings of the boot verb *servir* (to serve, to function) conjugated in the present?
Boot Present -*servir* endings
- -sirvo (yo)
- -sirves (tú)
- -sirve (él, ella, usted)
- -servimos (nosotros)
- -servís (vosotros)
- -sirven (ellos, ellas)
95
What are the endings of the irregular verb *saber* (to know [facts]) conjugated in the present?
Irregular Present -*saber* endings
- -sé (yo)
- -sabes (tú)
- -sabe (él, ella, usted)
- -sabemos (nosotros)
- -sabéis (vosotros)
- -saben (ellos, ellas)
96
What are the endings of the irregular verb *conocer* (to know [people]) conjugated in the present?
Irregular Present -*conocer* endings
- -conozco (yo)
- -conoces (tú)
- -conoce (él, ella, usted)
- -conocemos (nosotros)
- -conocéis (vosotros)
- -conocen (ellos, ellas)
97
What does *pedir* mean?
to ask, to order
98
What does *servir* mean?
to serve, to function
99
What does *saber* mean?
to know (facts or how to do something)
100
What does *conocer* mean?
to know (people, places, or to be familiar with something)
101
When do you use *saber* vs *conocer*?
* Use **saber** for facts or skills
* Use **conocer** for familiarity with people or places
## Footnote
Eg.) Sabe la respuesta (He knows the answer)
Eg.) Conozco a María (I'm familiar with Maria)
102
Who was Luis Bunuel?
a Spanish-born film director who made films in Spain, U.S., Mexico, and France
103
Why were Luis Bunuel's films often found controversial?
due to strong imagery and difficult topics
104
What famous surrealist artist did Bunuel make 2 films with?
Salvador Dalí
## Footnote
These films mixed reality with dreams.
105
What is the significance of this portrait?
it was painted by Dalí when Dalí was 20 and Bunuel was 24
106
________, ________, ________, and _______ produce many soap operas appreciated by all ages.
Venezuela, Mexico, Argentina, and Spain
107
Unlike US soap operas that go on for years and years, what is different about Spanish *telenovelas*?
they are created for a few months at a time and then replaced with new shows and new characters
108
What is one of the longest running shows in television history?
Sabado Gigante
109
Who started Sabado Gigante?
Don Francisco, in 1962 in Chile
110
Where does Sabado Gigante currently air? What is it our equivalent to?
in Miama every Saturday, bringing comedy, celebrity guests, musical performances, games, and contests; Saturday Night Live
111
What is Pablo Picasso's "reading the letter" from?
his neo-classical period, influenced by ancient Roman sculpture
112
What did Picasso's "Reading the letter" use?
simplified color and heavy lines to give off the weighty, unmoving vibe that is found with ancient roman sculpture
113
What are *Las cuevas de Altamira*?
paintings of bison, deer, horses, and wild boars that were discovered in 1879 in the caves of Altamira in northern Spain
## Footnote
These are the first records we have of communication.
114
What is *La Real Academia Espanola*? When was it founded?
an institution with a goal to preserve the quality of the Spanish language; in Spain in 1713
## Footnote
Academias are now found in all Spanish-speaking countries, and each year they publish the most accurate dictionaries.
115
List five *cultura* topics that we've covered in units 6A-9B and explain them in 1-2 sentences.
1. **The Mexican Flag** symbolizes an eagle perched on a cactus devouring a serpent. Mexico City, the capital of Mexico, was built on Tenochtitlan, the ancient Aztec capital.
2. **Carolina Herrera** is one of the world’s leading fashion designers. She was born in Caracas, Venezuela in 1939, and her fashion brand *Carolina Herrera* creates fragrances, clothing, and accessories.
3. **La Carnaval** is a big annual party that takes place in Latin America. It is celebrated in the weeks before Lent, and is kicked off by beauty pageants and parades.
4. **Handicrafts**, named *artisanías*, have been popular for years among tourists looking for gifts for loved ones. Puerto Rico, Mexico, and other Spanish-speaking countries produce them. Visitors to the Mexican Fine Arts Center Musuem in Chicago can find them on display, showcasing their significance and importance.
5. **Luis Bunuel** was a Spanish-born film director who made films in Spain, U.S., Mexico, and France. His films were often found controversial due to strong imagery and difficult topics, and he was good friends with Salvador Dalí.
| **SAMPLE ANSWER**
116
`Todos los sábados, la familia de Luis va al supermercado. Compran pan, leche, frutas y verduras. Luis ayuda a poner los productos en el carrito. Después, pagan en la caja y regresan a casa para cocinar. `
* ¿Adónde va la familia de Luis los sábados?
* ¿Qué compran en el supermercado?
* ¿Qué hace Luis para ayudar?
* Al supermercado
* Pan, leche, frutas, y verduras
* Ayuda a poner los productos en el carrito
## Footnote
Every Saturday, Luis's family goes to the supermarket. They buy bread, milk, fruits, and vegetables. Luis helps put the items in the cart. Afterward, they pay at the checkout and return home to cook.
117
Who is El Greco?
born Domenikos Theotokopoulous, he moved to Spain and settled in Toledo, where he created his famous painting *View of Toledo*
118
Why was El Greco's painting, *View of Toledo*, radical for its time?
due to its use of blue and green hues
119
True or false: View of Toledo is a geographically accurate painting.
False
## Footnote
It accentuates the landscape and landmarks of the city that Domenikos lived for and worked in for most of his life: Toledo.
120
What does *El Greco* translate to?
the Greek
## Footnote
*El Greco* was originally born in Greece, and then moved to Spain and settled in Toledo, which is south of Madrid.
121
Mexico City's Metro is one of the most advanced ______ systems in the world.
subway
122
True or false: Mexico City's Metro is very expensive.
False
123
What other form of transportation does Mexico City contain?
a bus system that covers the whole city
## Footnote
Green and gray minibuses, called peseros, serve passengers.
124
What is La Patagonia?
a vast, windy region of diverse climates that lies East of the Andes and spans part of Chile and nearly a quarter of Argentina
125
Where do Magellanic penguins reside?
La Patagonia
126
What is el ojo de dios1?
a diamond-shaped weaving that symbolizes good wishes from one person to another
##Footnote
The eye of God
127
Where did el ojo de dios originate from?
Peru ~ 300 B.C.
## Footnote
Before Spaniard arrival to the Americas.
128
Today, who most commonly makes el ojo de dios?
Indians in Mexico's Sierra Madre region
129
What are the United States Peace Corps?
an independent agency and program of the United States government that trains and deploys volunteers to communities in partner countries
130
When were the U.S. Peace Corps started?
1961
131
Since ____, volunteers in the U.S. Peace Corps have serviced Guatemala to help them with business development, environment, health, etc.
1963
## Footnote
The U.S. Peace Corps help almost all Spanish-speaking countries.
132
What is the leading country in Europe for recycling?
Spain
133
What is Spain's glass recycling called?
*Ecovidrio*
## Footnote
It has been very successful in reducing waste and protecting the environment.
134
Where does the word *Ecovidrio* come from?
the words ecology (*ecologia*) and glass (*vidrio*)
135
What does *La Asociacion Conservacionista de Monteverde* aim to do?
protect the rain forest in Costa Rica’s Monteverde Cloud Forest Preserve
## Footnote
Volunteeres from all over the world come to help maintain trails and in preservation projects.
136
What is *El Hospital de la Caridad*, and where is it located?
it's a hospice in Seville, Spain
137
When was *El Hospital de la Caridad* founded? By who?
in the 1600s by the monks of *La Hermandad de la Caridad*1
## Footnote
1Charity Brotherhood
138
What are the endings of regular -*ar* verbs (such as *estudiar*) conjugated in the preterite?
Regular Preterite -*ar* endings
- -é (yo)
- -aste (tú)
- -ó (él, ella, usted)
- -amos (nosotros)
- -asteis (vosotros)
- -aron (ellos, ellas)
## Footnote
* Note the accent marks on the -é and -ó.
* The nosotros form is the same in the present tense and preterite tenses.
139
What are the endings of regular -*ir & er* verbs (such as *comer*) conjugated in the preterite?
Regular Preterite -*ir & er* endings
- -í (yo)
- -iste (tú)
- -ió (él, ella, usted)
- -imos (nosotros)
- -isteis (vosotros)
- -ieron (ellos, ellas)
## Footnote
* Note the accent marks on the -í and -ió.
* The nosotros form is the same in the present tense and preterite tenses.
140
What are the endings of the irregular verb *IR* (to go) conjugated in the preterite?
Irregular Preterite -*ir* endings
- -fui (yo)
- -fuiste (tú)
- -fue (él, ella, usted)
- -fuimos (nosotros)
- -fuisteis (vosotros)
- -fueron (ellos, ellas)
## Footnote
No accents
141
What are the endings of the irregular verb *hacer* (to do) conjugated in the preterite?
Irregular Preterite -*hacer* endings
- -hice (yo)
- -hiciste (tú)
- -hizo (él, ella, usted)
- -hicimos (nosotros)
- -hicisteis (vosotros)
- -hicieron (ellos, ellas)
## Footnote
No accents
142
What are the endings of the irregular verb *dar* (to give) conjugated in the preterite?
Irregular Preterite -*dar* endings
- -di (yo)
- -diste (tú)
- -dio (él, ella, usted)
- -dimos (nosotros)
- -disteis (vosotros)
- -dieron (ellos, ellas)
## Footnote
No accents
143
**Regular -AR Verbs**
1. They danced. (bailar) → ____
2. You (informal, singular) studied. (estudiar) → ____
3. We spoke. (hablar) → ____
1. bailaron
2. estudiaste
3. hablamos
144
**Regular -ER/-IR Verbs**
1. I drank. (beber) → ____
2. She lived. (vivir) → _____
3. You all (Spain) ate. (comer) → ____
1. bebí
2. vivió
3. comisteis
145
**Irregular: IR (to go)**
1. I went. (ir) → ____
2. They went. (ir) → ____
3. You (Spain) went. (ir) → ____
1. fui
2. fueron
3. fuisteis
146
**Irregular: HACER (to do/make)**
1. He made. (hacer) → ____
2. We did. (hacer) → ____
3. I did (hacer) → ____
1. hizo
2. hicimos
3. hice
147
**Irregular: DAR (to give)**
1. She gave. (dar) → ____
2. You (formal) gave. (dar) → ____
3. We gave. (dar) → ____
1. dio
2. dio
3. dimos
148
What are the endings of the irregular verb *decir* (to say, to tell) conjugated in the present?
Irregular Present -*decir* endings
- -digo (yo)
- -dices (tú)
- -dice (él, ella, usted)
- -decimos (nosotros)
- -decís (vosotros)
- -dicen (ellos, ellas)
## Footnote
Be mindful of the accent on decís.
149
**Irregular: DECIR1 (to say/to tell)**
1. I say the answer. → Yo ____ la respuesta.
2. They say the truth. → Ellos ____ la verdad.
3. You (informal) say many things. → Tú ____ muchas cosas.
##Footnote
1 present tense
1. digo
2. dicen
3. dices
150
What are the indirect object pronouns in Spanish?
- -me (to/for me)
- -te (to/for you - informal)
- -le (to/for him, her, you formal)
- -nos (to/for us)
- -os (to/for you all - Spain)
- -les (to/for them, you all)
151
Where does the indirect object pronouns go in a sentence?
before the conjugated verb
##Footnote
If there is an infinitive, it can either go before the conjugated verb or be attatched to the infinitive.
Ex.) Quiero **darle** un juguete al niño OR **Le quiero dar** un juguete al niño.
152
**Write the correct IOP**
1. Yo ____ escribo una carta a mi abuela.
2. Nosotros ____ compramos un regalo a ti.
3. Ella ____ da dinero a mí.
4. ¿Tú ____ cuentas la historia a nosotros?
5. Ellos ____ preparan comida a sus padres.
1. le
2. te
3. me
4. nos
5. les
153
**Translate the sentence, then identify the DOP and IOP**
- Mi mamá me lo compró.
- My mom bought it for me.
DOP = lo
IOP = me
##Footnote
DOP → What is being acted on? (**the thing**)
IOP → Who is receiving the thing or benefiting from the action? (**the person**)
154
Do IOPs or DOPs come first in a sentence?
IOPs
155
**Create a sentence using both an IOP and a DOP**
I give (el libro) to her.
Yo se lo doy.
##Footnote
Note: Both *Le* and *les* becomes *se* when next to lo/la/los/las
156
Write 5 sentences using the preterite tense.
1. Ellos hablaron el español anoche.
2. Nosotros nadamos en la piscina este fin de semana.
3. Tú comiste el jamón esta mañana.
4. Nosotros esquiamos la semana pasada.
5. Escribimos una tarjeta para mi madre.
157
Write 5 sentences using verbs like gustar.
1. Me encantan las flores.
2. Me interesan mucho las matemáticas.
3. A mí me gusta el cine.
4. Me duelen los ojos.
5. Nos encantan las películas de horror.
