Spanish Sentence Sturcture Flashcards
After prepositions (such as para, en & a) come prepositional object pronouns. I almost all cases, they are the same as personal pronouns, e.g. el, ella, usted, nosotros.
examples
Para usted, tengo esta habitacions…for you, I have this room
Todos creen en ella…everyone believes in her
Juegas con el?…do you play with him
Exception to the previous prepositional object pronouns are….?
they use a different form from the personal pronouns:
“yo” & “Tu” — form “mi” & “ti”
ex. Nosotros no hablamos de ti…we don’t talk about you
Estas pastillas son para mi? …are these pills for me
Vamos a ir sin ti al gimnasio…we will go without you to the gym
Para ti no hay nada…there is nothing for you
Emphasizing with an object pronoun…
1) when it’s unclear if “le” refers to a man or women, you can clarify with an “a”
2) you can also emphasize a sentence with the use of “a”…see example
example
1) Le escribi una carta “a el”
A Susana le duele la cabeza?…does Susanna’s head hurt?
2) ex. A ti te gusta practicar deporte?…do you like to play sports (lit. you)?
A Las pastillas las compre por 10 pesos…the pills - I bought them for 10 pesos
A mi novia la conoci hace dos anos. My girlfriend - I met her two years ago.
PRONOUS – placed b/f the verb
Yo
tu
el / ella / ud
nosotros / nosotras
ellos / ellas / uds
vosotros / vosotras
ex. Que le regalamos? – what do we give him / que les regalamos? – what do we give them
Me
te
le
nos
les
os
In Spanish, impersonal statements can be used to make general observations, such as about the weather.
To form them, you often use the irregular verb hacer in the 3rd person singular.
What’s the weather like? (lit. What weather does it make?)
It’s very windy.
¿Qué tiempo hace?
hace mucho viento
When you use hacer in impersonal statements, it’s generally placed right before the word describing the temperature.
At night it’s cold.
In summer it’s very hot.
What’s the weather (like) in Madrid?
Por la noche hace frío.
En verano hace mucho calor.
¿Qué tiempo hace en Madrid?
To express your personal perception of the temperature, you use tengo, which is the conjugated form of tener.
I’m hot (lit. I have heat).
I’m very hot. I’m going in the water.
Tengo calor.
Tengo mucho calor. Me voy al agua.
When predicting the weather, it’s common to use the expression va a plus an infinitive verb.
It’s going to rain.
Va a llover.
The presente continuo is a progressive tense that expresses what’s happening in the present.
It’s formed using the conjugated form of estar plus a verb in the gerund form (the one that ends in -ing in English).
It’s raining.
I’m packing the suitcase.
They’re making the food.
Está lloviendo.
Estoy haciendo la maleta.
Ellos están haciendo la comida.
Part 2 of the present contino…
Carla and I are talking about the party.
I’m speaking with my wife.
Are they working on the project?
Carla y yo estamos hablando de la fiesta.
Yo estoy hablando con mi esposa.
¿Ellos están trabajando en el proyecto?
