Spanish Verb Tenses Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
What are the four main groups of Spanish verb tenses?
A
present tense, past tenses (preterit & imperfect), future tense, and perfect tenses.
2
Q
When is the present tense used in Spanish?
A
To describe actions that happen regularly, are happening right now, or will happen shortly.
3
Q
What are the two past tenses in Spanish?
A
Imperfect (for repeated or ongoing past actions) and preterit (for completed past actions).
4
Q
What is an example of the imperfect tense?
A
Hablaba con mi abuelo todos los días. → “I spoke with my grandfather every day.”
5
Q
What is an example of the preterit tense?
A
Hablé con mi hermana el martes pasado. → “I talked with my sister last Tuesday.”
6
Q
When is the future tense used in Spanish?
A
To describe actions that will happen or probable events.
7
Q
What is an example of the future tense?
A
Hablaré con el profesor mañana. → “I will talk with the professor tomorrow.”
8
Q
What are the perfect tenses in Spanish?
A
Past perfect, present perfect, and future perfect, used to emphasize completed actions.
9
Q
What is an example of the present perfect tense?
A
He hablado con mi abuelo. → “I have talked with my grandfather.”
10
Q
What is an example of the future perfect tense?
A
Habré hablado con mi hermano. → “I will have talked with my brother.”
11
Q
What is the present tense in Spanish?
A
A verb is a word that describes a current action, state of being, or event.
12
Q
When is the present tense used?
A
To describe people, places, or things; refer to regular actions; talk about facts.
13
Q
What are the two types of present tense in Spanish?
A
Present indicative (for statements and facts) and present subjunctive (for doubts, wishes, and hypothetical situations).
14
Q
How do you conjugate regular-ar verbs in the present indicative?
A
Remove -ar and add endings: -o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an.
15
Q
How do you conjugate regular-er/ -ir verbs in the present indicative?
A
Remove -er and add endings: —o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en.
16
Q
How do you form the present subjunctive?
A
Start with the yo form of the present indicative, remove -o, and add the subjunctive endings.
17
Q
What are common adverbs used with the present tense?
A
Ya (already), hoy (today), siempre (always), nunca (never), frecuentemente (frequently).
18
Q
What is an example of a present indicative sentence?
A
Yo leo todos los días. → “I read every day.”
19
Q
What is an example of a present subjunctive sentence?
A
Espero que tengas unas buenas vacaciones. → “I hope that you have a good vacation.”
20
Q
What is a compound sentence in Spanish?
A
A sentence formed by joining two or more independent clauses using a comma, semicolon, or conjunction.
21
Q
What are common conjunctions used in compound sentences?
A
Y (and), ni (nor), o (or), pero (but), aunque (although), así que (so).
22
Q
What is an example of a compound sentence using “y”?
A
Normalmente tomo café y leo el periódico antes de ir a trabajar. → “Normally I have coffee, and I read the newspaper before going to work.”
23
Q
What is an example of a compound sentence using “pero”?
A
Normalmente desayuno cereales, pero los fines de semana desayunamos panqueques. → “Normally, I have cereal for breakfast, but on weekends we have pancakes.”
24
Q
How do you form the present tense of regular verbs in Spanish?
A
Remove the -AR, -ER, or -IR ending and add the appropriate conjugation based on the subject pronoun.
25
What are the present tense endings for -AR verbs?
-o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an.
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What are the present tense endings for -IR verbs?
-o, -es, -e, -imos, -ís, -en.
27
What is an example of a compound sentence using "aunque"?
Una de mis aficiones es cocinar, aunque no siempre tengo tiempo. → "One of my hobbies is cooking, although I don't always have the time."
28
Why is the present tense important in Spanish?
It is the first tense learned in Spanish and is used for descriptions, facts, habits, and routines.
29
When is the preterite tense used?
To describe completed actions that happened at a specific time in the past.
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What is an example of a preterite tense sentence?
Ayer, fuimos al cine. → "Yesterday, we went to the movies."
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When is the imperfect tense used?
To describe habitual actions, background details, or ongoing past events.
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What is an example of an imperfect tense sentence?
Íbamos al cine juntos. → "We used to go to the movies together."
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How do you conjugate regular -AR verbs in the preterite tense?
-é, -aste, -ó, -amos, -asteis, -aron.
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How do you conjugate regular -ER/-IR verbs in the preterite tense?
-í, -iste, -ió, -imos, -isteis, -ieron.
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How do you conjugate regular -AR verbs in the imperfect tense?
-aba, -abas, -aba, -ábamos, -abais, -aban.
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How do you conjugate regular -ER/-IR verbs in the imperfect tense?
-ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían.
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What are some common time expressions used with the preterite tense?
Ayer (yesterday), anoche (last night), el año pasado (last year), una vez (once).
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What is a compound sentence in Spanish?
A sentence that has two or more independent clauses linked by a comma, semicolon, or conjunction.
39
What are common conjunctions used in compound sentences?
Y (and), ni (nor), o (or), pero (but), aunque (although), así que (so).
40
What is the simple future tense in Spanish?
The futuro simple, which is equivalent to using "will" in English to express future actions or predictions.
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How do you form the simple future tense in Spanish?
Add the endings é, ás, á, emos, éis, án to the infinitive form of regular verbs.
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What is an example of a simple future sentence?
Edward viajará a España el próximo año. → "Edward will travel to Spain next year."
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What are the simple future endings for -AR verbs?
é, ás, á, emos, éis, án (e.g., hablaré → "I will speak").
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What are the simple future endings for ER verbs?
é, ás, á, emos, éis, án (e.g., comeré → "I will eat").
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What are the simple future endings for -IR verbs?
é, ás, á, emos, éis, án (e.g., recibiré → "I will receive").
46
What is a compound sentence in the future tense?
A sentence that connects two clauses using words like y (and), o (or), pero (but), sin embargo (however), así que (so).
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What is an example of a compound sentence in the future tense?
Edward paseará por Madrid y tomará muchas fotografías. → "Edward will stroll through Madrid and will take lots of pictures."
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How do you form a simple sentence in the future tense?
Include a subject, a verb in the future tense, and a predicate (e.g., Edward comprará muchos recuerdos de España. → "Edward will buy many souvenirs from Spain.").
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What is the purpose of the simple future tense in Spanish?
To express future actions, predictions, and suppositions.
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What is the regular future tense in Spanish?
A verb tense used to express actions that haven't happened yet or will happen in the future.
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How do you form the regular future tense?
Start with the infinitive form of the verb and add the endings -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án.
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What is an example of a regular future tense verb?
Hablar (to speak) → hablaré, hablarás, hablará, hablaremos, hablaréis, hablarán.
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How do you conjugate comer (to eat) in the future tense?
Comeré, comerás, comerá, comeremos, comeréis, comerán.
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What is a unique use of the future tense in Spanish?
It can express conjecture or probability, such as ¿Quién será? ("Who might it be?").
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When should you NOT use the future tense?
When expressing willingness (use querer instead) or immediate future (use ir + a + infinitive).
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What is an example of a sentence using the future tense?
Mañana viajaré a México. → "Tomorrow I will travel to Mexico."
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What is an example of a sentence using probability in the future tense?
Alguien está llamando. ¿Quién será? → "Someone is calling. Who might it be?"
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What is the difference between future tense and present tense for future actions?
The future tense expresses certainty, while the present tense can indicate planned actions.
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What should you pay attention to when writing in the future tense?
Accent marks—all forms except nosotros have an accent.
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What is the future tense in Spanish?
A verb tense used to describe actions that will happen in the future.
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What are the endings for regular future tense verbs in Spanish?
-é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án, added to the infinitive form of the verb.
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What makes a verb irregular in the future tense?
Irregular verbs change their stem before adding future tense endings.
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What are the three types of irregular future tense verbs?
1. Verbs that replace "e" or "i" with "d" (e.g., tener → tendré).
2. Verbs that drop "e" or "i" (e.g., poder → podré).
3. Verbs with unique changes (e.g., decir → diré).
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What are examples of irregular future tense verbs?
Hacer → haré (I will do/make)
Poder → podré (I will be able)
Saber → sabré (I will know)
Tener → tendré (I will have)
Decir → diré (I will say/tell)
Poner → pondré (I will put)
Querer → querré (I will want)
Salir → saldré (I will leave)
Venir → vendré (I will come)
Caber → cabré (I will fit)
Satisfacer → satisfaré (I will satisfy)
Mantener → mantendré (I will maintain)
65
How do you conjugate tener in the future tense?
Yo → tendré
Tú → tendrás
Él/Ella/Usted → tendrá
Nosotros/as → tendremos
Vosotros/as → tendréis
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes → tendrán
66
How do you conjugate poder in the future tense?
Yo → podré
Tú → podrás
Él/Ella/Usted → podrá
Nosotros/as → podremos
Vosotros/as → podréis
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes → podrán
67
How do you conjugate decir in the future tense?
Yo → diré
Tú → dirás
Él/Ella/Usted → dirá
Nosotros/as → diremos
Vosotros/as → diréis
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes → dirán
68
What are common uses of the future tense in Spanish?
1. Expressing future actions (Mañana viajaré a España. → "Tomorrow I will travel to Spain.")
2. Making polite requests (¿Abrirá la puerta, por favor? → "Will you open the door, please?")
3. Giving commands (Me escucharás ahora. → "You will listen to me now.")
4. Making promises (Vendremos hoy. → "We will come today.")
5. Reporting speech (Rosa dijo que cocinará la cena el martes. → "Rosa said that she will cook dinner on Tuesday.")
6. Using "if-then" statements (Si me trae el papeleo, lo procesaré hoy. → "If he brings me the paperwork, I will process it today.")
69
What is an example of a conversation using irregular future tense verbs?
Rosa: ¿Tendrás los vestidos terminados para el sábado? Sé que Lily y Lulu querrán usarlos para su actuación.
Zoe: Sí. Si vas a la tienda por mí, los haré esta tarde.
Rosa: ¡Uau! ¿Podrás hacerlos tan rápido?
Zoe: Sí, tengo todos los patrones listos. ¿Les dirás después de que termine que venga a probarlos? Rosa: Sí, las diré. Puesto que el tiempo es esencial, saldré ahora a comprar los suministros.
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What is the conditional tense in Spanish used for?
To describe what would happen under certain circumstances or events.
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How is the conditional tense formed in Spanish?
Add the endings -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían to the infinitive form of the verb.
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What is an example of a conditional tense sentence?
Yo compraría un carro nuevo. → "I would buy a new car."
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How does the conditional tense compare to the future tense?
Both use the infinitive form of the verb, but the conditional tense expresses hypothetical situations.
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What are the endings for -AR, -ER, and -IR verbs in the conditional tense?
-ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían (e.g., bailaría, comería, viviría).
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What is the key difference between the conditional and imperfect tenses?
The conditional tense uses the infinitive form of the verb, while the imperfect tense does not.
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What are the three types of irregular verbs in the conditional tense?
1. Droppers (drop "E" from the infinitive) → caber → cabría, poder → podría.
2. D Poppers (replace last vowel with "D") → tener → tendría, poner → pondría.
3. Dirty Harry (unique changes) → decir → diría, hacer → haría.
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What is an example of an irregular verb in the conditional tense?
Yo diría la verdad. → "I would tell the truth."
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How does the conditional tense work in polite requests?
It softens statements (e.g., ¿Podría ayudarme? → "Could you help me?").
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What is an example of a sentence using probability in the conditional tense?
Sería interesante aprender otro idioma. → "It would be interesting to learn another language.
80
What is the conditional tense in Spanish?
A verb tense used to express actions that might happen, intentions for the future, or polite requests
81
How does the conditional tense compare to the future tense?
The future tense expresses actions that are likely to occur, while the conditional tense expresses actions that could happen if another condition is met.
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What are examples of regular conditional verb conjugations?
Comer → comería, comerías, comería, comeríamos, comeríais, comerían
Hablar → hablaría, hablarías, hablaría, hablaríamos, hablaríais, hablarían
Recibir → recibiría, recibirías, recibiría, recibiríamos, recibiríais, recibirían
83
What makes a verb irregular in the conditional tense?
Irregular verbs change their stem before adding conditional endings.
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What are examples of irregular conditional verbs?
Tener → tendría (I would have)
Poder → podría (I would be able)
Decir → diría (I would say/tell)
Hacer → haría (I would do/make)
Salir → saldría (I would leave)
Venir → vendría (I would come)
Poner → pondría (I would put)
85
What is the conditional tense in Spanish used for?
To express a probability or possibility that might happen in the future.
86
How does the conditional tense compare to English?
It corresponds to the English word "would", used for hypothetical situations.
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What is an example of a conditional sentence in Spanish?
Si tuviera mucho dinero, os invitaría a todos a cenar. → "If I had a lot of money, I would invite you all out for dinner."
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What is an example of a polite request using the conditional tense?
¿Podrías pasarme la sal, por favor? → "Would you pass me the salt, please?"
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How does the conditional tense work in suggestions?
It can be used to suggest an action (e.g., ¿Tú irías a recoger la carta por mí, verdad? → "You would pick up the letter for me, right?").
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What is an example of a conversation using the conditional tense?
Ignacio: Yo viajaría por todo el mundo. → "I would travel around the whole world."
Susana: ¿Tú en serio harías eso? Viajarías sin parar? → "Would you do that? Would you travel without taking any breaks?"
Pedro: ¡Pues claro que me gustaría! → "Of course I would like that."
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What is the purpose of the conditional tense in Spanish?
To express hypothetical events, polite requests, and suggestions.
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How does the conditional tense relate to dreams and possibilities?
It conveys a world of "coulds" and "woulds", allowing speakers to express wishes and future possibilities.
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What is a summary of the conditional tense?
It is used to express hypothetical situations, polite requests, and suggestions, and is formed by adding -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían to the infinitive form of the verb.
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What is the subjunctive mood in Spanish?
A verb form used to express wishes, doubts, hypothetical situations, and emotions.
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How do you form the simple subjunctive?
Use the present tense endings, but replace the main vowel with -e for -AR verbs and -a for -ER/-IR verbs.
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What are the subjunctive endings for -AR verbs?
-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en.
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What are the subjunctive endings for -ER/-IR verbs?
-a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an.
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What are some irregular verbs in the subjunctive?
Dar (dé, des, dé...), estar (esté, estés, esté...), haber (haya, hayas, haya...), ir (vaya, vayas, vaya...), saber (sepa, sepas, sepa...), ser (sea, seas, sea...).
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How is the subjunctive used to express wishes?
Use "que" + subjunctive (e.g., ¡Que tengas un buen viaje! → "Have a good trip!").
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How is the subjunctive used for future probabilities?
Use words like "quizás", "tal vez", or "posiblemente" (e.g., Quizás nos veamos pronto. → "Maybe we will see each other soon.").
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How does the subjunctive work in subordinate sentences?
When a sentence has two verbs, the second verb is in the subjunctive (e.g., Quiero que vengas a visitarme. → "I want you to come visit me.").
102
How does the subjunctive work with negative suppositions?
If an opinion is introduced by "no", the verb after "que" is in the subjunctive (e.g., No creo que suspenda mis exámenes. → "I don’t think I will fail my exams.").
103
When is the subjunctive required in commands and requests?
Negative commands always require the subjunctive (e.g., No olvides escribirme. → "Don't forget to write to me.").
104
What is "se" in Spanish?
"Se" is a reflexive pronoun used to indicate that the subject and object of a sentence are the same.
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How is "se" used with reflexive verbs?
It is placed before reflexive verbs to show that the action is performed on oneself (e.g., Me visto → "I get dressed").
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What are common reflexive verbs that use "se"?
Vestirse (to dress oneself), bañarse (to bathe oneself), levantarse (to get up), peinarse (to brush one's hair).
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How is "se" used in impersonal constructions?
It replaces an explicit subject in general statements (e.g., Se habla español aquí → "Spanish is spoken here").
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How does "se" function in passive voice sentences?
It shifts focus to the action rather than the subject (e.g., Se compró la comida ayer → "The food was bought yesterday").
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How is "se" used in accidental constructions?
It expresses unintended actions with an indirect object pronoun (e.g., Se me olvidó tu cumpleaños → "I accidentally forgot your birthday").
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What is an example of "se" in an impersonal sentence?
Se dice que el clima cambiará pronto. → "It is said that the weather will change soon."
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What is an example of "se" in a passive voice sentence?
Se hacen las camas cada mañana. → "The beds are made every morning."
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What is an example of "se" in an accidental construction?
Se me cayeron todos los libros. → "I dropped all the books."
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Why is understanding "se" important for Spanish learners?
It helps with fluency and comprehension in reflexive, impersonal, passive, and accidental sentence structures.
