Speaking Flashcards
(61 cards)
It is an act of making vocal sounds
Speaking
It is a verbal skill that involves words and sounds
Speaking
It is a complex cognitive and linguistic skill
Speaking
He constructed the mnemonic SPEAKING
Dell Hymes (1974)
SPEAKING stands for?
Setting and Scene
Participants
Ends
Acts Sequence
Keys
Instrumentalities
Norms
Genres
time, place, environment
Setting and Scene
Individuals, roles, relationships
Participants
purpose, goals, objectives
Ends
flow and order
Acts Sequence
formal or informal
Key
channel or medium
Instrumentalities
topics (trends, nurture)
Norms
tone or type
Genre
Three types of Speaking Situations
Interactive
Partially Interactive
Non-interactive
participants alternately speak and listen
Interactive
only the speaker speaks and the audience’s feedbacks is their attentiveness and small gestures
Partially Interactive
the audience cannot interact immediately
Non-interactive
Five types of Speech Style
Intimate
Casual
Consultative
Formal
Frozen
this style is private, which occurs between or among close family members or individuals; cannot be shared on public
Intimate
this style is common among peers and friends. Jargon, slang, or the vernacular language are used
Casual
The standard style of speech. Professional or mutually acceptable language is a must.
Consultative
This style is used in formal settings; one way; sermons of priests and ministers; SONA
Formal
remains unchanged; mostly occurs in ceremonies; Preamble, Lord’s Prayer, Allegiance to country or flag
Frozen
This type of speech provides information that can help the listeners understand something that is unknown to them or not yet clearly understood
Exploratory/Informative Speech