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FS Exam 4 > Special Circulations > Flashcards

Special Circulations Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Where do you see Active VD response

A

skin muscle = high

kidney = low - at rest is already maximally dilated

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2
Q

Muscle - What happens to CO with exercise

A

increases

20-25 L/min with exercise

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3
Q

Muscle - Where is most of CO going with exercise

A

to muscle - 80 to 85% of it
As inc exercise intensity - CO to viscera diminishes
As inc exercise intensity - CO to heart and brain stays the same
As inc exercise intensity - CO to skin increases and then kind of narrows off

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4
Q

Muscle - Weight

A

30kg

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5
Q

Muscle - At rest receives how much blood flow? and with exercise?

A 
Rest = 2-4 ml/min or 15-20% of CO
Exercise = 400 ml/min or 85% of CO
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6
Q

Maximal amount of flow that muscle can receive in limited buy

A

Cardiac Output

If didn’t matter, would want CO of 90L/min - this would rupture aorta

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7
Q

If we activate sympathetic NS

A

Decrease in blood flow of about 70-80%

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8
Q

If block sympathetic NS

A

Would see double or tripling in BF from rest

Inc 200-300%

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9
Q

Fibers types and blood flow

A

The more oxidative the tissue, the more flow that it will get

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10
Q

Capillaries with muscle

A

Very dense capillary unit, only heart has mroe
density of this matches the oxidative potential of the fiber
with exercise training = inc in number of capillaries per muscle fiber and inc mitochondria

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11
Q

Blood flow control has both neural and local component in skeletal muscle

A

Contains both alpha and beta ARs (alpha= constrict, beta = dilate) and with this alpha wins

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12
Q

Blood flow control has both neural and local component in skeletal muscle - Neural

A

EPI and NE = cause VD of muscle by binding to beta

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13
Q

Blood flow control has both neural and local component in skeletal muscle - Local

A

Metabolic vasodilation

And shear stress and muscle pump

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14
Q

How does blood flow to muscle increase during exercise

A

Muscle has greatest absolute increase in total NE spillover - we have overshadowed the inc in SNA during exercise, as you inc exercise you are inc spill over
Functional Sympatholysis - overshadow SNA during exercise

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15
Q

Splanchnic weight

A

Weight = 1.5 kg

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16
Q

Liver receives blood from

A

Hepatic Artery

Portal Vein

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17
Q

Haptic Artery vs. Portal Vain

A

Hepatic artery has autoregulatory mechs

Portal vein does not (more ANS)

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18
Q

Splanchnic Circulation - Extrinsic

A

Highest density of Alpha - can constrict down very well
Highest density of Beta too - during stress will VD
NO PARASYMP HERE

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19
Q

Splanchnic - Redistribution of flow

A

Splanchnic circulation is a huge resdistributor of blood flow

  • it receives high BF
  • has little metabolic activity - doesnt really need the flow so is the best place to take it away from
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20
Q

Splanchnic circulation and compliance

A

It is very compliant
Compliance primarily impacts venous circulation
27% of CO
Max flow = 2.5L/mn

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21
Q

Other that is very compliant?

A

Skin
9% of CO
Max flow = 8 L/min

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22
Q

Splanchnic and Skin

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A

Will accommodate large change in volume with a very small pressure

23
Q

If you constrict Splanchnic or Skin

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A

Upstream pressure will inc
Downstream pressure will dec - this drop in pressure will mobilize a large amount of flow - this is what initially happens during exercise

24
Q

If you constrict muscle

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A

You aren’t mobilizing hardly any flow - it is not as compliant

25
Compliant circulation - if you dilate a compliant circulation you will
dec SV and venous return back to the heart
26
Compliant circulation - if you constrict a compliant circulation you will
you are liberating more volume back to heart - it inc venous return, SV and CO When flow goes back through circulation again (from heart) will go to where least resistance - the muscle
27
Constriction of compliant vessels | Dilation of noncompliant vessels
VC of compliant --> inc flow back to heart After you will get less flow back to the constricted area and more flow back to the dilated - noncompliant area - more flow and more pressure here
28
Constriction of noncompliant vessels | Dilation of compliant vessels
Flow gets caught up in the dilated compliant vessel and less will go back to the heart
29
Basic Renal Process
Filters Secretes Reabsorbs
30
Renal Circulation: Blood Flow -
Highly overperfused
31
Renal Circulation - Resting Blood Flow, Max Blood Flow
Resting = 1.2 L/min = 22% CO | Max blood flow = 1.2 L/min
32
Renal Weight
0.3 kg
33
Flow Control - Renal
Does not have alpha but does have beta Ars Dec 20-30% with SNA Regulated by autoregulatory control - myogenic and metabolic
34
Cerebral Circulation -
Comes through carotid and basilar to circle of willis | Enclosed in cranial vault - so is non compressible
35
Cerebral - Resting Blood Flow and CO
750 mL/min | 12-15% CO
36
Cerebral - Max blood flow
about 2 L/min | Constant blood flow sure to incompressibilty - vault prevents tissue from
37
Cerbral Flow Control
Unaffected by ANS Controlled exclusively by autoregulation Myogenic, metabolic and starling resistor
38
Cerebral - Starling Resistor
As tissue pressure increases, transmural pressure of vessels will decrease Autoregulatory resistors are subject to this If tissue pressure inc too much, you will not get flow to the brain
39
Cerebral and gases
Sensitive to changes in blood gases | Small changes in PCO2 will have large changes in cerebral blood flow
40
Cerebral - Cushing Reflex
Cerebral ischemia activates the cushing reflex | Inc in intracranial press --> dec in blood flow --> hige SNS --> inc in MAP --> inc CNS flow
41
Coronary Blood Flow -
Receives 250mL/min (5% of CO)
42
Coronary - Capillary
Has very dense capillary network (10x as many as skeletal muscle)
43
During exercise - what happens to coronary BF
increases as HR increases - up to 1200 mL/min | Coronary BF can inc to 1L/min during max exercise
44
Control of Coronary Blood Flow
Powerfully regulated by autoregulation - metabolic control Increased O2 will math increased flow Little to no influence of symp NS
45
Atherosclerosis starts with
Endothelial dysfunction | and ends with plaque - thickening of intima space and change ind diameter of the vessel
46
Why are plaques dangerous
Unstable, can rupture and cause MI or stroke | Plaque will compromise flow to areas downstream from it and tissues will become ischemic
47
Thrombus
platelets held together with fibrin strands
48
Emobolus
when thrombus separates from wall and floats in circulation
49
Results of plaque -->
Will weaken the vascular wall and an aneurysm can develop
50
Myocardial Infarction
Death of myocardial cells due to O2 deprivation | Disrupts the depolarization and can lead to Vtach or Vfib
51
Causes of MI
``` Coronary Artery Disease - plaque formation - thormbus Will see drop in CO and MAP Compensate with baroreflex --> SNA will inc to bring CO back up --> it iwll vasoconstrict --> you are now inc workload of already damaged heart though --> not good ```
52
Left Heart Failure
``` Dam = jxn LV and aorta Upstream = pulmonary circulation Downstream = systemic circulation ```
53
Right Heart Failure
``` Dam = lung or jxn RV and pulmonary aorta Upstream = venous return in RA Downstream = left heart ```
54
Etiology of Heart Failure
``` Drop in CO Baroreflex kicks in to bring pressure up SNA - contractillity, inc HR Stressing an already damaged heart vasoconstriction --> inc afterload --> working heart too hard ```

FS Exam 4 (6 decks)

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