special muscle tests Flashcards
(20 cards)
1
Q
Trendelenburg sign
A
- weakness in gluteus medius during unilateral standing
- positive sign when pelvis drops toward unsupported side
2
Q
Faber’s test
A
- flexion, abduction, external rotation
- possible hip pathology or SI joint dysfunction, OA, osteophytes, tightness in hip flexors or adductors
- place a test limb so foot rests on opposite knee
- passively press the test limb toward the table while stabilizing opposite ilium
- positive test when pain is produced in the back or tested limb
3
Q
sign of the buttock
A
- is butt pain a local lesion or preferred from the hip, sciatic, nerve or hamstrings
- SLR then neutral position then flex hip and knee
- local lesion if the pain occurs at the same amount of hip flexion
4
Q
scour test
A
- non specific joint pathology (arthritis, avascular necrosis, labral tear)
- flex test extremity, apply an axial load, them move into IR/ER with abduction/adduction
- positive test if there is clicking, crepitus, or pain
5
Q
Thomas test
A
- tightness in rectus femoris or iliopsoas
- PT lays with legs off the table, brings one knee to chest
- if limb remains off the table a hip flexor contracture is suspected
6
Q
piriformis test
A
- tightness of piriformis is causing butt pain or preferred pain from the sciatic nerve
- side lying, LE is maximally flexed and adducted
- positive test is gluteal pain or radicular symptoms in the distribution of the sciatic nerve
- IR stresses superior fibers, ER stresses inferior fibers
7
Q
ely’s test
A
- shorted rectus femoris
- prone, flex knee
- if ipsilateral buttock rises off the mat the test is positive
8
Q
Ober’s test
A
- tightness in tensor fasciae latae or IT band
- side lying with test limb on top, limp is abducted and extension so ITB is over greater trochanter, knee flexed or straight, slowed adduct toward table
- positive test if limb stays off table
9
Q
Craig’s test
A
- test for femoral anteversion
- prone with knee bent at 90 degrees, IR and ER leg till greater trochanter feels to be protruding the most, then allow it to return to its normal position
- positive test is an angle greater than 15 degrees
10
Q
Anterior/posterior drawer test of knee
A
- tests instability of the knee (anterior and posterior cruciate ligament)
- supine with knee flexed 90 degrees
- positive test when both limbs are tested and there is an excessive anterior or posterior movement of the tibia under the thumbs
- greater potential for false negatives secondary to potential guarding or a meniscus problem
11
Q
Sag test
A
- PCL laxity
- supine 90/90, LE supported, compare tibial tuberosities
- positive test when posterior displacement of the tibial tuberosity
12
Q
Lachman’s test
A
- ACL laxity
- knee flexed 15-30 degrees, drawer maneuver
- positive test when excessive forward translation (> 5 mm or mushy end feels)
- more sensitive than anterior drawer because knee is in functional position
13
Q
Valgus stress test
A
- medial instability of the knee
- apply valgus stress to knee while ankle is stable in slight lateral rotation
- excessive movement of the tibia away from femur is positive test
14
Q
Varus stress test
A
- lateral instability of the knee
- varus stress on knee while ankle is stable, knee fully extended then in 20-30 degrees flexion
- positive test with knee extended is major damage
15
Q
Homan’s test
A
- do not perform
- PT in supine, knee extended, dorsiflex foot
- positive test is pain in the calf, possible DVT
16
Q
Anterior drawer test of ankle
A
- possible talofibular (ATF) ligament sprain
- slight plantar flexion (20 degrees) then apply anterior force to calcaneus
- positive test when anterior translation is greater than on the noninvolved side
17
Q
talar tilt test
A
- possible tear of calcaneofibular ligament
- planter flexion (AFT), neutral (CF), dorsiflexion (PTF)
- positive test ROM into adduction is greater and painful
18
Q
Thompson test
A
- tests Achilles tendon
- prone with feet off table, relax LE and squeeze calf
- normal response foot will plantar flex
- abnormal response will be no movement into plantar flexion
19
Q
morton’s test
A
- assess for Morton’s neuroma
- squeeze metatarsals together
- positive test pain between 2nd and 3rd or between the 3rd and 4th metatarsals
20
Q
tinel test
A
- tibial nerve damage
- tap over posterior tibial nerve
- positive test paresthesia into the foot
