Special Populations Flashcards
(107 cards)
1
Q
hinkmilk is…
A
higher fat content
2
Q
Na Dec H2O normal
A
serum Na <135
3
Q
Wet AMD treatment
A
intravital VEGF inhibitors
- bevacizumab
- ranibizumab
- aflibrcept
nutrition
-AREDS2
4
Q
colostrum provides
A
antibodies
5
Q
plaque psoriasis tx
A
topical corticosteroids
vitamin D analogues –calcipotreience
mtx–severe
cyslosporine–severe
phototherapy
6
Q
weak acids in breast milk
A
more ionized at plasma pH so transfer into milk not favored
7
Q
Antenatal Steroids MOA
A
mature fetal lungs
8
Q
Safe antibiotics in pregnancy 7
A
Cephalosporin Carbapenem Clindamycin Macrolides Nitrofurantoin Metronidazole Vancomycin
9
Q
caloric requirements
A
20-30 kcal/kg/day
10
Q
Rivaroxaban geriatric
A
serious blleds
11
Q
Pregnancy N/V treatment
A
Doxylamine Bendaryl Dramamine Hydroxyzine Diclegis-doxylamine + pyridoxine Bonjesta–Doxylamine + pyridoxine
12
Q
SNRI geriatric
A
BEERs fall risk
13
Q
Comedonal acne tx
A
topical retinoid or BPO –adapalene –tazorac –tretinoin
14
Q
Na normal H2O decreased
A
serum Na >145
15
Q
oral retinoids for acne
A
resevered for severe accutane
16
Q
geriatric BP treatment 1st line 6
A
Thiazide diuretics ACE/ARB CCB nDHP CCB DHP Loop diuretics K sparing diuretics
17
Q
ASD treatment
A
Behavioral 1st line –applied behavioral analysis
18
Q
topical retinoids MOA
A
normalizes follicular hyperkeratosis
19
Q
Na decreased H2O increased
A
serum Na <135
20
Q
digoxin geriatric
A
if afib or hfref max dose 0.125 mg/day
21
Q
Rosacea tratment
A
metronidazole
sodium sulfacetamide
oxymetazoline
tetracyclines
22
Q
clinical pearl of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone with PROM
A
if PROM do not use vaginal suppository
23
Q
Geriatric elimination changes 1
A
reduced renal fxn
24
Q
TPN in COPD
A
reduce CHO and replace calories with fat
25
Intracellular water makes up what % of total body water
67
26
Iron overdose classification
non-toxic \<20 mg/kg mod toxic 20-60 mgk/g severely \>60
27
Atopic dermatitis tx
eleimate factor hydrate skin treat inflammation --top CS --top calcineurin inhibitor ---tacrolimus
28
Glaucoma agent that increases uveosclerarl outflow of aqueous humor
prostaglandin analogues cholinergic agonist
29
Glaucoma agent that decrease production of aqueous humor
BB Alpha-2 agonist Carbonic anhydrase inhib
30
papular/pustular acne tx
topical retinoid + BPO BPO/AB
31
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
dorzolamide brinzolamide
32
which drugs decrease breast milk
MAOi Parkinson's meds estrogens
33
Geriatric glimepiride
BEERs hypoglycemia
34
Repetitive behavior ASD
Antidepressants
--fluoxetine
--clomipramine
Antipsychoticcs
--aripiprazole
--risperidone
--haloperidol
35
refeeding characteristics 4
dec. PO4 dec. K dec. CO2 inc. glucose
36
Geriactric distribution changes 3
inc body fat dec muscle dec total body water
37
weak base in breast milk
less ionized at plasma pH so readily diffuse into more acidic milk and become ionized and trapped
38
ASA geriatric
caution if \>70
39
Bactrim geriatric
w/ ACEi/ARB in dec. CrCl
40
Bacterial conjunctivitis
erythromycin ointment trimethoprim-polymixin B
41
Na increased H2O decreased
serum Na \>145
42
prevention of preterm labor
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone
43
Tetracyclines in pregnancy
do not use in 2nd and 3rd trimester causes bones and teethe problems
44
ILE cal/gram
IV lipid emulsion 10
45
poison ivy tx
mild-mod --topical corticosteroid severe --systemic corticosteroid for 2-3 weeks
46
Sleep disturbances ASD
metatonin
47
ASA good or bad in pregnancy
good
48
Antibiotics contraindicated in pregnancy
tetracyclines Bactrim--3rd trimester
49
selective BB for glaucoma
betaxolol
50
Geriatric Warfarin + cipro/macrolide/bactrim
inc. bleed
51
fluid requirements
30-40 mL/kg/day
52
Geriatric metabolism changes 1
impaired phase 1 rxn
53
which glaucoma agent to caution with sulfa allergy
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
54
poison control number
18002221222
55
pilocarpine pearl
pat with darker eyes need higher doses irreversible binder
56
Nutreint dense TPN osmolality, indication
hypertonic fluid restriction
57
Na normal H2O increased
serum Na \<135
58
Preeclampsia treatment
mg to prevent seizure BP \>160/110 iv labetalol and hydralazine IV
59
foremilk is...
less dense
60
geriatric DM A1C goal, BG levels, BP
healthy
-- \<7.5
--PPG 90-130
--HS glucose 90-150
--140/90
Intermediate health
--\<8
--PPG 90-150
--HS glucose 100-180
--140/90
poor health
--\<8.5
--PPG 100-180
--HS glucose 110-200
--150/90
61
preterm delivery date
prior to 37 weeks GA
62
APAP toxicity tx
activated charcoal if w/in 4 hrs NAC w/in 10 hrs
63
DOC for HTN in pregnancy 5
Nifedipine labetalol clonidine methyldopa hydralazine
64
Cholinergic agonists glaucoma
pilocarpine carbachol
65
fiber enteral TPN indication
facilitate normal bowel function
66
Pediculosis tx
permethrin
67
geriatric phenytoin + Bactrim/thophylline/cipro
inc. risk of toxicity
68
Dry AMD treatment
no cure nutrition: inc. vit C, E, zinc
69
elemental-semi-elemental TPN osmolality, indicaiton
isotonic to hyperosmolar impaired GI digestion
70
brimonidine place in therapy
1st line open angle
71
alpha 2 agonists
Apraclonidine brimonidine
72
ccb geriatric
avoid if hfref
73
protein cal/gram
4
74
progesterone and pregnancy
progesterone needed for uterus to grow if levels fall onset of labor
75
Na increased H2O normal
serum Na \>145
76
short term TPN
nasogastric nasoduodenal nasojejuanl
77
Extracellular water makes up what % of total body water
interstital fluid 25% plasma 8%
78
acute ingestion of APAP
adults 7.5-10 grams children \>140-150mg/kg
79
Scabies tx
1st line--permethrin 5% cr 2nd line--PO ivermectin
80
Analgesia in pregnancy treatment
APAP Opioids
81
Lactation meds concern
HD narcotic phenobarb BB Iodine lithium
82
Dextrose cal/gram
3.4
83
A1 blocker geriatric
avoid as antiHTN orthostatic hypotension
84
Contact dermatitis treatment
remove offending agent topical corticosteroid
85
Anorexia treatment
behavioral 1st line --family based treatment Antipsychotics --olanzapine --quetiapine
86
Tocolytics indication
stop or decrease intensity of uterine contractions
87
tocolytic contraindication 6
preeclampsia placental abruption uterine bleeding chorioamnionitis fetal anomaly incompatible with life fetal growth restriction
88
ADHD in ASD
methylphenidate
89
which drugs increase breast milk
metoclopramide
90
Warfarin in pregnancy
bones,CNS worst in 1st trimester
91
Geriatric absorption changes 3
dec GI acid slower GI motility delayed emptying
92
Isotonic eneral formulation indication
normal digestion an no renal/hepatic dysfunction
93
geriatric statin
\> 75 LDL 70-189 ---moderate intensity \>75 function decline ---stop statin 76-80 LDL 70-189 ---measure cAC avoid statin if CAC 0
94
Tocolytic MOA
regulate myosin light-chain kinase to block calcium to inhibit actin myosin interactions
95
drugs that cause dry eyes
antidepressants --paxil, sertraline, tca HTN --diuretics --BB H2RA --ranitidine oral contraceptives decongestants
96
chronic APAP ingesiton
adults \>4 grams/day children \>90 mg/kg/day
97
Na decreased H2O decreased
serum Na anything
98
Na increased H2O increased
anything
99
Digoxin good or bad in pregnancy
good
100
con of antipsych in anorexia
malnourishment strains heart and can inc. risk of QTc prolongation
101
Levobunolol place in therapy
reduce IOP after cataract surgery
102
Irritability in ASD
antipsychotics --aripiprazole --risperidone
103
Prostaglandin analogues
Latanoprost Bimatoprost both 1st line open angle
104
Nitrofurantoin geriatric
avoid if crCl \<30 toxicities
105
which electrolytes can cause cracking in ILE
mg and Ca
106
DM treatment geriatric
metformin
107
Bulemia treatment
behavioral 1st line --CBT Fluoxetine --high dose needed 60-80
