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SPECIAL SENSE OF HEARING Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

External ear: has the following structures:

A

The ear pinna or auricle
The external auditory meatus
The tympanic membrane (ear drum)

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2
Q

The middle ear is an air filled cavity connected to the _________ by the ___________

A

Nasopharynx , Eustachian Tube

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3
Q

The middle ear has which structures

A
  • 3 small bony ossicles (malleus, Incus and Stapes)
  • 2 Nerves ( Facial Nerve and Chorda Tympani a branch of the Facial nerve)
  • 2 skeletal muscles (tensor tympani and stapedius muscles)
  • foramens (foramen ovale or oval window and the foramen rotandum or round window)
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4
Q

The 3 small bony ossicles or auditory ossicles in the middle ear are?

A

Malleus, Incus, and Stapes

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5
Q

The 2 nerves in the middle ear are?

A

Facial Nerve and Chorda Tympani a branch of the Facial nerve

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6
Q

The 2 skeletal muscles in the middle ear are?

A

Tensor Tympani and Stapedius Muscles

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7
Q

The 2 Foramen in the middle ear are?

A

Foramen Ovale and Foramen Rotundum

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8
Q

The inner ear consist of

A

cochlea ( sense organ for hearing)

Vestibular (sense organ for Equilibrium)

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9
Q

The Cochlea is a coil bony tube that turns around a central bony core called _________

A

Modiolus

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10
Q

The coil bony tube of the Cochlea is about _____mm long and makes ___ turns around a central bony core called the Modiolus

A

35mm long

2 ¾ turn

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11
Q

A thin bony projection that winds round the modiolus is called?

A

spiral lamina

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12
Q

the spiral lamina winds round the modiolus and forms 2 membranes called

A

Basilar membrane

Vestibular Membrane

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13
Q

The Vestibular Membrane and Basilar membrane divide the cochlea into 3 compartments :

  1. Scala _______
  2. Scala _______
  3. Scala _______
A
  1. Scala Vestibuli
  2. Scala Media
  3. Scala Tympani
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14
Q

Scala Tympani and Vestibuli contain ______1____

Scala Media_____2____

A
  1. PERILYMPH

2. ENDOLYMPH

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15
Q

Scala Media end at the apex of the cochlea as a _____1____

but it communicates at its base with the ____2___

A
  1. BLIND SAC
  2. VESTIBULAR APPARATUS ( THE ORGAN OF EQUILIBRUIM)

NB:- THE VESTIBULAR APPARATUS ( THE ORGAN OF EQUILIBRIUM) IS FORMED BY
1. utricle,
2 saccule
3. semicircular canals (there are 3 in number)

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16
Q

The scala vestibuli ends at the ________

A

Foramen Ovale

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17
Q

The scala tympani ends at the ___________

A

Foramen Rotundum

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18
Q

Scala Tympani and Vestibuli communicate with each other at the apex of the cochlea through a small opening called the ________________

A

HELICOTREMA

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19
Q

________is the receptor organ for hearing.

A

ORGAN OF CORTI

NB:

  1. It is the neuroepithelial structure in the cochlea
  2. It lies on the basilar membrane,
  3. extend in a spiral shape from the base to the apex of the cochlea
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20
Q

The Organ of Corti are formed by

A

Hair cells ( Inner and Outter)

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21
Q

The Organ of Corti is formed of 2 sets of hair cells (auditory receptors) that rest on supporting (or phalangeal) cells and are separated by the ___________ in each cochlea

A

tunnel of corti

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22
Q

The hair cells are arranged in 4 rows; 3 rows of __________ and 1 row of _________

A

outer hair cells, inner hair cells.

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23
Q

In each cochlea, there are about __________ inner hair cells

A

3500 inner hair cells

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24
Q

In each cochlea, there are about __________ Outer hair cells

A

20,000 outer hair cells

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25
There are______ junctions b/w the hair cells and the Supporting cells phalangeal cells
Tide Junctions
26
The processes of the hair cells are bathed in ___1___ whereas there bases are bathed in perilymth ____2___
1. Endolymph | 2. Perilymph
27
The hair cell in the ORGAN OF CORTI signals
HEARING
28
The hair cells in the UTRICLE signals
HORIZONTAL ACCELERATION
29
The hair cells in the SACCULUS signals
VERTICAL ACCELERATION
30
The hair cells in the THREE SEMICIRCULAR CANALS signals
ROTATIONAL ACCELERATION
31
The Inner hair cells are the MAIN SOURCE of _________ in auditory (VIII) nerve
Afferent Signal
32
The outer hair cells are the MAIN SOURCE of _________
Efferent Signal
33
The Auditory pathway begins in the ___1____ of the medulla and ends with the ___2____, which run from the thalamus to ____3___.
1. cochlear nucleus 2. auditory radiations 3. auditory cortex
34
Decussation (Crossing over ) is a prominent feature of the auditory pathway because ?
most structures in the auditory pathway will be receiving input from both ears.
35
Decussation (Crossing over ) is clearly important for our ability to ______
localize sound. i.e receiving input from both ears.
36
_______ refers to the relationship between the spatial location of nerve fibers along the cochlea and the characteristic frequency (CF) or best frequency (BF) of the fiber.
Tonotopic Organization
37
Auditory nerve fibers (these are in the auditory periphery, not the CNS) show very ___1___ while Neurons in central auditory system, on the other hand, are ____2____
1. little specialization | 2. very specialized
38
The technique used to measure the electrical signals that are generated from the firing of neurons along the auditory pathway is called ?
Auditory evoked response (AER) or Evoked response audiometry (ERA).
39
The specific use of the Auditory evoked response (AER) or Evoked response audiometry (ERA) technique to measure the brain stem portion of this pathway is called?
Brain stem evoked response (BSER).
40
________ is the sensation produced when longitudinal vibrations of the molecules in the external environment
Sound Waves
41
Sound waves travels in air at a speed of approximately ____________ at __________ at sea level
344m/s (770miles/h) at 20oC
42
Speed of sound increases with
temperature and altitude
43
The speed of sound is greater in
salt water
44
The loudness of sound is correlated with:
Amplitude Pitch Frequency
45
The greater the amplitude __________
the louder the sound
46
the greater the frequency ______
the higher the pitch
47
The intensity of sound is measured in
Bel
48
a decibel is _________
0.1 bel
49
_____ of the sound in created in environment is mea-sured in units named decibels (dB).
Intensity
50
_______ is an electronic generator of a sound frequencies at different intensities.
Audiometer
51
_______ enables to obtain a graphical record of hea-ring loss for right and left ears.
Audiometry
52
_______ of the sound in created in environment is mea-sured in units named decibels (dB).
INTENSITY
53
The most common hearing disorders are those that affect _______
hearing sensitivity
54
When a sound is presented to a listener with a hearing sensitivity disorder, one of 2 things may occur and does things are?
1. The listener with a HS disorder may be unable to detect the sound. 2. The sound will not be as loud to that listener as it would be to a listener with normal hearing.
55
Hearing disorders can be classified into four:
1. Nature of the loss 2. Functional Classification 3. Cause of Disorder
56
What is audiometry?
Itenables to obtain a graphical record of hea-ring loss for right and left ears.
57
What is audiometer?
is an electronic generator of a sound frequencies at different intensities.
58
What is Auditory evoked response (AER) or Evoked response audiometry (ERA)?
The technique used to measure the electrical signals that are generated from the firing of neurons along the auditory pathway
59
Brain stem evoked response (BSER)
The specific use of the Auditory evoked response (AER) or Evoked response audiometry (ERA) technique to measure the brain stem portion of this pathway
60
Tonotopic Organization
the relationship between the spatial location of nerve fibers along the cochlea and the characteristic frequency (CF) or best frequency (BF) of the fiber.

SPECIAL SENSES (2 decks)

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