SPECIAL SENSE OF HEARING (Hearing Disorders and Hearing Tests)

Question 1

The most common hearing disorders are those that affect _______

Answer 1

hearing sensitivity

Question 2

When a sound is presented to a listener with a hearing sensitivity disorder, one of 2 things may occur and does things are?

Answer 2

1. The listener with a HS disorder may be unable to detect the sound.
2. The sound will not be as loud to that listener as it would be to a listener with normal hearing.

Question 3

Under the types of Hearing Disorders.

Hearing disorders can be classified into 3:

Answer 3

1. Nature of the loss
2. Functional Classification
3. Cause of Disorder

Question 4

An Example of NATURE OF THE LOSS Hearing Disorder are?

Answer 4

Dysacusia

nb: it means deficit in discrimination or interpretation of sound e.g “Don’t shout, I can hear you just fine. I just can’t understand what you’re saying.”

Question 5

Dysacusia means

Answer 5

Deficit in discrimination or interpretation of sound

Question 6

An Example of FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION hearing disorder are?

Answer 6

1. CONDUCTIVE
2. SENSORI - NEURAL
3. CENTRAL

Two related terms:

• PERIPHERAL– Not central; i.e., conductive or sensorineural.
• RETROCOCHLEAR – Disorders involving anatomical structures beyond the cochlea; i.e., 8th N, brain stem, auditory cortex.

NB:
Conductive – Disorders involving the conduction of sound to the cochlea.
Sensori-neural – Disorders involving the cochlea (usually the hair cells) or 8th N.
Central – Disorders affecting the CNS (brain stem or auditory cortex).

Question 7

Conductive Disorder means

Answer 7

Disorders involving the conduction of sound to the cochlea.

Question 8

Sensori - neural Disorder means

Answer 8

Disorders involving the cochlea (usually the hair cells) or 8th N.

Question 9

Central Disorder means

Answer 9

Disorders affecting the CNS (brain stem or auditory cortex).

Question 10

Peripheral Disorder means

Answer 10

Not central disorder; i.e., conductive or sensorineural.

Question 11

Retrocochlear Disorder means

Answer 11

Disorders involving anatomical structures beyond the cochlea; i.e., 8th N, brain stem, auditory cortex.

Question 12

An Example of CAUSE OR ETIOLOGY of the hearing disorder are?

Answer 12

1. Ototoxic drugs
2. Noise exposure
3. Old age (presbycusis)
4. Otitis media
5. 8th N tumors
6. Meniere’s Disease

Question 13

Conductive hearing disorder can occur in the _____ and ______

Answer 13

External and Middle Ear

Question 14

The Conductive hearing disorder for the external ear involve:

1. ________
2. ________

Answer 14

1. Congenital Malformation
2. Impacted Wax (cerumen)

nb:
1. The most serious Congenital malformation is the CONGENITAL ATRESIA and it is the collapse or closure of the EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS

2. IMAPCTED WAX results in mild hearing loss; easily treated by removal of the wax.

Question 15

The Conductive hearing disorder for the Middle ear involve:

1. ________
2. ________
3. ________

Answer 15

1. Otitis Media
2. Otosclerosis
3. Cholesteatoma

Nb:
- Otitis Media is the most common cause of conductive hearing loss
it is the accumulation of fluid behind the ear drum
and
- it is the most common health problem in children

Question 16

The major consequences of are ______ and _____

Answer 16

hearing loss and pain

Question 17

Otitis Media with pain, accumulation of fluid, sometimes fever, etc., is called _____

Answer 17

Acute otitis media

Question 18

If Otitis Media lasts more than 2-3 months, the condition is known as _______

Answer 18

Chronic otitis media

Question 19

When Otitis Media is treated successfully, then returns, then it’s treated, then it returns it is called _____

Answer 19

Recurrent Otitis Media

Question 20

Treatment of Otosclerosis is

Answer 20

Stepedectomy (removal of stapes and replacement with an artificial stapes)

Question 21

Cholesteatoma are ______ that invades the middle ear

Answer 21

Cyst

Question 22

The Sensori - Neural hearing disorder for the Middle ear involve:

Answer 22

1. Ototoxic drugs
2. Noise exposure
3. Old age (presbycusis)
4. Otitis media
5. 8th N tumors (acoustic neuroma)
6. Meniere’s Disease

Question 23

An Example of CAUSE OR ETIOLOGY of the hearing disorder are?

1. ______ drugs
2. Noise ______ or NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS
3. Old age (_________)
4. Otitis _____
5. _______ N tumors (acoustic neuroma)
6. _______ Disease

Answer 23

1. Ototoxic drugs
2. Noise exposure or NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS
3. Old age (presbycusis)
4. Otitis media
5. 8th N tumors (acoustic neuroma)
6. Meniere’s Disease

Question 24

The Sensori - Neural hearing disorder for the Middle ear involve:

1. ______ drugs
2. Noise ______ or NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS
3. Old age (_________)
4. Otitis _____
5. _______ N tumors (acoustic neuroma)
6. _______ Disease

Answer 24

1. Ototoxic drugs
2. Noise exposure or NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS
3. Old age (presbycusis)
4. Otitis media
5. 8th N tumors (acoustic neuroma)
6. Meniere’s Disease

Question 25

_______ the most common cause of conductive hearing loss and by far the most common health problem in children

Answer 25

Otitis Media

Question 26

The major consequences of Otitis Media are_____

Answer 26

hearing loss and pain

Question 27

The key to the Disease process of Otitis Media is that ?

Answer 27

pressure can no longer be equalized between the middle ear and the ambient air.

Question 28

``` __________ Begins as a soft, spongy growth of new bone – may appear anywhere in the Middle ear, but most often near the oval window. Later hardens (i.e., becomes sclerotic) ```

Answer 28

Otosclerosis

Question 29

In 90% of cases Otosclerosis has NO SYMPTOMS TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

In 10% of individuals with otosclerosis: the growth of a new bone reduces mobility of stapes, causing a conductive hearing loss True or False

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

Otosclerosis is a progressive condition, beginning in childhood. For that unlucky 10%, HL typically begins ______ OR ______

Answer 31

in late teens or early 20s.

Question 32

The most common cause of Sensori - Neural Hearing Loss and most common cause of Hearing Loss overall is ?

Answer 32

Presbycusis (Hearing loss associated with aging)

Question 33

Presbycusis (Hearing loss associated with aging) can also be the cause of:

Answer 33

1. Sensori - Neural component 2. conductive component 3. central component

Question 34

The Sensori - Neural Component of hearing loss associated with Presbycusis (Hearing loss associated with aging) is due to:

Answer 34

1. Hair cell loss 2. Changes in the elasticity of the basilar membrane 3. Metabolic changes in the stria vascularis

Question 35

The Conductive Component of hearing loss associated with Presbycusis (Hearing loss associated with aging) is due to:

Answer 35

1. age-related changes in the mobility of tissues in the middle ear.

Question 36

The Central Component of hearing loss associated with Presbycusis (Hearing loss associated with aging) is due to:

Answer 36

1. loss of neurons in the CNS, (related primarily to arteriosclerosis).

Question 37

NOISE-INDUCED HEARING LOSS is a cause of Sensori - Neural Hearing Loss True or False

Answer 37

True

Question 38

High Exposure to High levels of noise can damage Hair Cells and cause Sensori - Neural Hearing Loss True or False

Answer 38

True

Question 39

Two types of Noise exposure or Noise induced hearing loss are: 1. ______ 2. ______

Answer 39

1. Acoustic Trauma | 2. Long Term Noise Exposure (more common)

Question 40

``` Acoustic Trauma ( a type of Noise exposure or Noise induced hearing loss) is the Injury due to brief exposure to very intense sounds such as gun shots, artillery fire, explosions, etc ``` True or False

Answer 40

True

Question 41

In Acoustic Trauma Hearing Loss may be severe and permanent, but substantial recovery is common. True or False

Answer 41

True

Question 42

In Acoustic Trauma Hearing Loss may be severe and permanent, but substantial recovery is not common. True or False

Answer 42

False

Question 43

Long Term Noise Exposure (a type of Noise exposure or Noise induced hearing loss) is a Damage results from long-term exposure to high levels of noise. Common in some occupational settings – heavy manufacturing and agriculture being the most common. True or False

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Amount of inner-ear (In long Term Noise Exposure) damage depends on the combination of: 1. _________ 2. ________

Answer 44

1. Intensity of the noise 2. Length of exposure i.e High level intensity x long exposures=Bad news Low levels intensity x brief exposures=Not so bad news

Question 45

Ototoxic Drugs can cause Sensori - Neural Hearing Loss True or False

Answer 45

True

Question 46

Some very common drugs such as Aspirin (especially in large doses) can cause hearing loss (and/or tinnitus), True or False

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Some very common drugs such as Aspirin (especially in large doses) CANT cause hearing loss (and/or tinnitus), True or False

Answer 47

False

Question 48

An especially important group of antibiotics are notoriously ototoxic. Examples include: 1. N__mycin, 2. Str__mycin 3. K__mycin

Answer 48

1. Neomycin, 2. Streptomycin 3. Kanamycin

Question 49

Four major symptoms of Menieres Disease : 1. Periodic episodes of _______ (the sensation of spinning) or ______ (the “Meniere’s attack”) 2. Fluctuating, progressive, _________ hearing loss 3. Ti__itus 4 A sensation of "f_____" or pressure in the ear

Answer 49

1. Periodic episodes of rotary vertigo (the sensation of spinning) or dizziness (the “Meniere’s attack”) 2. Fluctuating, progressive, low-frequency hearing loss 3. Tinnitus 4 A sensation of "fullness" or pressure in the ear

Question 50

Meniere’s Disease | Serious, often debilitating disease of hearing and balance of ____________ cause

Answer 50

unknown/uncertain

Question 51

Generic term for infections that invade the inner ear: _________.

Answer 51

labyrinthitis

Question 52

_______ can sometimes spread to the inner ear and result in labyrinthitis.

Answer 52

Meningitis

Question 53

Bacterial or viral infections that invade the inner ear can cause Sensori Neural Hearing Loss and disruptions of vestibular function. True or False

Answer 53

True

Question 54

Treatment of 8th N Tumors is by

Answer 54

Surgical removal or radiation

Question 55

Small tumors can be removed with less risk of destroying the 8th N (and sometimes the 7th N as well) if _____________

Answer 55

Early Detected

Question 56

Hearing Tests are done to detect 1. 2.

Answer 56

1. Sensori Neural Hearing Loss | 2. Conductive Hearing Loss

Question 57

Tunning Fork Tests allow one to distinguish between ________ and ________ deafness

Answer 57

conductive and sensorineural deafness

Question 58

Tunning Fork Tests include:- 1. W__er Test 2. Ri__e Test 3. B__g Test

Answer 58

1. Weber Test 2. Rinne Test 3. Bing Test