special senses

Question 1

Describe three anatomically different types of sensory receptors

Answer 1

Interoreceptors
exteroreceptors
proprioceptors

Question 2

Interoreceptors

Answer 2

Monitor internal systems such as digestive and repiratory; are responsible for stretch, deep pressure, and pain in viscera

Question 3

Exteroreceptors

Answer 3

External senses such as touch, temperature, and pressure and distance/special senses

Question 4

Proprioceptors

Answer 4

Monitor position and movements

Question 5

Explain the difference between a general sense and a special sense

Answer 5

General senses have receptors distributed widely throughout the body while special senses have receptors confined to head structures

Question 6

Describe the process of transduction

Answer 6

translation of arriving stimulus into an action potential by sensory receptors

Question 7

What senses does the frontal lobe control

Answer 7

taste and smell

Question 8

What senses does the parietal lobe control

Answer 8

taste

Question 9

What senses does the temporal lobe control

Answer 9

Hearing

Question 10

difference between a sensation and a perception

Answer 10

A sensation is the sensory information arriving to the CNS while a perception is the conscious awareness of a sensation

Question 11

Sensory adaptation

Answer 11

Ability to ignore unimportant stimuli

Question 12

Peripheral adaptation

Answer 12

sensory receptors may stop sending AP even if stimulus is still present (room temperature)

Question 13

Central adaptation

Answer 13

CNS ignoring an AP from a sensory receptor (house smell)

Question 14

Example of sensory receptor responding to other stimuli

Answer 14

RUbbing your eyes and seeing flashes of light. the stimulus is mechanical and not visual but the receptors respond.

Question 15

What is a labeled line?

Answer 15

A link between a peripheral sensory receptor and cortical neuron

Question 16

What is modality?

Answer 16

What is perceived after a stimulus

Question 17

Four classes of sensory receptors grouped based on their stimulus sensitivities?

Answer 17

Nociceptors
THermoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
Chemoreceptors

Question 18

Nociceptors

Answer 18

Pain receptors that respond to chemicals released during tissue damage, extreme temperatures, and mechanical damage. Adapts very little

Question 19

Thermoreceptors

Answer 19

Respond to changes in temperature

Question 20

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 20

Respond to mechanical forces and sense changes that deform the receptor (touch, stretch, and pressure)

Question 21

chemoreceptors

Answer 21

Respond to changes in chemical concentrations

Question 22

What function does pain serve?

Answer 22

Allows perception of damage to tissues and motivates the individual to withdraw from damaging situations

Question 23

Fast pain

Answer 23

-Acute pain
- Well localized and conducts impulses rapidly
-Myelinated

Question 24

Slow pain

Answer 24

• Thin unmyelinated
  -Conducts impulses more slowly
  -Chronic pain

Question 25

What parts of the brain regulate pain impulses

Answer 25

Thalamus allows awareness, Cerebral cortex judges intensity and location

Question 26

Referred pain and example

Answer 26

Pain sensations originating in visceral organs are perceived as involving specific regions of the body surface innervated by the same spinal nerves

Question 27

theory of referred pain

Answer 27

nociceptors from several locations converge on a single ascending tract in the spinal cord

Question 28

Two classes of thermoreceptors

Answer 28

Warm receptors, cold receptors

Question 29

Three classes of mechanoreceptors

Answer 29

Tactile
Baroreceptors
Proprioceptors

Question 30

Tactile receptors

Answer 30

Provide the sensation of touch, pressure, and vibration

Question 31

Baroreceptors

Answer 31

Detect pressure changes in the walls of blood vessels and in portions of digestive and respiratory tracts

Question 32

Proprioceptors

Answer 32

Monitor positions of joints and muscles, the most structurally and functionally complex of general sensory receptors

Question 33

Free nerve endings

Answer 33

Sense itching, pain, temperature, and pressure

Question 34

Root hair plexus

Answer 34

Monitor distortions and movements across the body surface wherever hairs are located

Question 35

Tactile discs

Answer 35

Also called merkel discs
Fine touch and pressure receptors
extremely sensitive tonic receptors

Question 36

Lamellated corpuscles

Answer 36

Detect heavy pressure and vibrations

Question 37

Ruffini corpuscles

Answer 37

Sensitive to pressure and distortion of the skin

Question 38

Tactile corpuscles

Answer 38

IN hairless portions of skin and lips, detect touch and distinguish between two points on the skin

Question 39

how are Sensory and motor tracts of the spinal cord named

Answer 39

Name indicates position and direction of signal