Special Senses

Question 1

Purpose of the sense

Answer 1

Protection (primary) and survival

Question 2

General senses

Answer 2

Visceral, tactile, temperature, nociception, proprioception

Question 3

T/F visceral sensation is poorly localized

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T/F taste, smell. Hearing, and vestibular all use hair cells in the production of impulses to the brain

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Special senses

Answer 5

Sight, auditory, taste, vestibular, olfactory

Question 6

What are the types of scent animals can have

Answer 6

Macrosmatic, microsmatic, anosmatic

Question 7

Why is it more difficult to smell if your nose is dry?

Answer 7

Hair cells detect soluble chemicals, so need hydration

Question 8

Two types of vestibular balance

Answer 8

Static and dynamic

Question 9

What is static balance and how does it work

Answer 9

When you are standing still otoliths in the macule pull on the hair to tell you which direction gravity is

Question 10

How does dynamic balance work

Answer 10

Fluid in the semicircular canals displaces capula and hair cells

Question 11

What is light refraction

Answer 11

Light bends perpendicular to the surface it comes out of

Question 12

What does the fibrous outer layer of the eye consist of

Answer 12

Sclera, cornea, limbus

Question 13

What structures are part of the uvea of the eye

Answer 13

Choroid, iris, ciliary body

Question 14

Where is the tapetum located and what is it’s purpose

Answer 14

On the choroid, reflects light back onto the retina to enhance low light vision

Question 15

What is lens accomodation

Answer 15

The smooth muscle of the ciliary body pull on the suspensory ligaments and change the shape of the lens to focus on near/ far objects

Question 16

What is the shape of the lens relaxed

Answer 16

Elliptical

Question 17

What happens to light when it goes through the lens

Answer 17

Slows down and changes direction

Question 18

What do the rods do

Answer 18

Sense dark and light

Question 19

What do the cones do

Answer 19

Sense color

Question 20

What structures produces aqueous humor

Answer 20

Ciliary body

Question 21

List the route of aqueous humor

Answer 21

Produced by the ciliary body in the posterior chamber, flows through the pupil into the anterior chamber, then gets carried away by blood vessels in the sclera

Question 22

Where is the anterior chamber located

Answer 22

Directly posterior to the cornea

Question 23

What two structures are important for tear production

Answer 23

Nictitans gland and lacrimal gland

Question 24

Structures of the palbebra

Answer 24

Dorsal and ventral palpebra. Lateral and medial canthis

Question 25

Tear production

Answer 25

Cornea gets nutrition from tears produced by the nictitans and lacrimal gland

Question 26

Tear drainage

Answer 26

Dorsal and ventral lacrimal puncta at the medial canthis that drains through the nasolacrimal duct

Question 27

What are the oblique rectus muscles responsible for

Answer 27

Rotating the eye

Question 28

What is the retractor bulbi responsible for

Answer 28

The nictitans gland

Question 29

Anatomy of the external ear

Answer 29

Pinna, vertical canal, horizontal canal

Question 30

Anatomy of the middle ear

Answer 30

Tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, eustachian tube. Tympanic cavity

Question 31

Anatomy of the inner ear

Answer 31

Oval window, round window, bony labyrinth, membranous labyrinth, cochlea, organ or corti

Question 32

What is the purpose of the tympanic membrane

Answer 32

Boundary between outer and middle ear. Converts sounds waves to mechanical vibrations via the ossicles

Question 33

What structures helps in equalizing pressure

Answer 33

Eustachian tube

Question 34

What is impedence matching

Answer 34

Fluid waves generated by sound waves

Question 35

How are nerve endings stimulated in the ear

Answer 35

Perilymph waves transmitted from the scala vestibuli pass across the membrane to the endolymph in the second scala medii. This initiates movement at the organ or corti which stimulates nerve endings that create impulses that are sent to the brain

Question 36

Describe the structures light goes through in the eye

Answer 36

Cornea, iris, lens. Retina, optic nerve

Question 37

What structures in the eye slow down light

Answer 37

Cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor.