Special Senses And ANS

Question 1

What fibres are the ANS comprised of?

Answer 1

GVE fibres. General Visceral Afferent.

Question 2

What are the two divisions of the ANS?

Answer 2

Sympathetic NS

Parasympathetic NS

Question 3

What are the functions of the ANS?

Answer 3

• Maintenance of Homeostasis.
• Provides Motor drive to smooth and cardiac muscles.
• Part of the efferent motor system.

Question 4

What are the efferent pathway and ganglia for the ANS?

Answer 4

1. Pre-Ganglionic Neuron: Brain or Spinal Cord.
2. Pre-Ganglionic Axon.
3. Post-Ganglionic Neuron: Secind Motor Neuron.
4. Post-Ganglionic Axon.
5. Effector organ/muscle.

Question 5

What is the difference between Sympathetic and Parasympathetic?

Answer 5

Sympathetic NS is the Fight-or-Flight response.

Parasympathetic is the Rest-and-Digest Response.

Question 6

Where do the Parasympathetic NS fibres originate?

Answer 6

These fibres are CRANIO-SACRAL. They originate in the brain (cranium) and the sacrum of the spinal cord.

Long pre-ganglionic and short post-ganglionic fibres.

Question 7

Where do the Sympathetic NS fibres originate?

Answer 7

These fibres are THORACOLUMBAR. They originate in the thoracic and lumbar region of the vertebral column.

Short Pre-ganglionic and Long Post-ganglionic fibres.

Question 8

What are the major neurotransmitters in the Sympathetic NS?

Answer 8

1. Pre-ganglionic Neurons release Acetylcholine (ACh).

2. Post- Ganglionic Neurons release Norepinephrine (NE).

Question 9

What is the major neurotransmitter in the Parasympathetic NS?

Answer 9

Pre and Post-Ganglionic Neurons release Acetylcholine (ACh).

Question 10

What are the targets of ANS Neurons?

Answer 10

Smooth Muscle, Glands and Cardiac Muscle.

Question 11

What is a Cholinergic Receptor?

Answer 11

A receptor that uses Acetylcholine as it’s neurotransmitter.

Question 12

What is an Adrenergic Receptor?

Answer 12

Receptors that are activated by Norepinephrine and Epinephrine.

Question 13

The sympathetic trunk. What is it?

Answer 13

Vertical cords if the sympathetic NS that are situated on each side of the spinal cord. They hold sympathetic trunk ganglion that pre-Ganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres synapse onto.

Question 14

What is the path for pre- and post-Ganglionic neurons?

Answer 14

Pre-Ganglionic Neurons enter sympathetic trunk ganglia via the White Rami Communicans. They synapse with post-Ganglionic Neurons in the trunk ganglia and leave it via the Grey Rami Communicans.

Question 15

What are the five special senses?

Answer 15

1. Sight: SSA
2. Smell: SVA
3. Taste: SVA
4. Hearing: SSA
5. Balance: SSA

Question 16

Define the Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 16

The ANS is part of the efferent division of the PNS (motor).