Special Senses: Visual System

Question 1

what are the muscles of the eye

Answer 1

lateral rectus
medial rectus
superior rectus
inferior rectus
interior oblique
superior oblique

Question 2

Moves eye laterally

Answer 2

lateral rectus

Question 3

moves eye medially

Answer 3

medial rectus

Question 4

elevates eye and turns it medially

Answer 4

superior rectus

Question 5

depresses eye and turns i medially

Answer 5

inferior rectus

Question 6

elevates eye and turns it laterally

Answer 6

interior oblique

Question 7

depresses eye and turns it laterally

Answer 7

superior oblique

Question 8

shade and prevent sweat from entering the eyes

Answer 8

eyebrows

Question 9

protect eyes and spread lacrimal fluid (tears) with blinking

Answer 9

eyelids (palpebrae)

Question 10

secrete an oily secretion that lubicates the surface of the eye

Answer 10

tarsal glands

Question 11

secrete an oily secretion that lubricates the surface of the eye and the eyelashes

Answer 11

ciliary glands (sty-infection of ciliary gland)

Question 12

secrete mucus to lubricate the eye

Answer 12

conjunctivae; conjunctivitis-pink eye

Question 13

form the corners of the eyes

Answer 13

medial and lateral commisures

Question 14

secretes a whitish oily secretion for lubrication of the eye

Answer 14

lacrimal caruncle

Question 15

Protects the eye by keeping it moist

Answer 15

lacrimal apparatus

Question 16

secretes lacrimal fluid, which contains mucus, antibodies, lysozyme

Answer 16

lacrimal gland

Question 17

allow lacrimal fluid to drain into the superior and inferiorly located lacrimal canaliculi

Answer 17

lacrimal puncta

Question 18

allow lacrimal fluid to drain into the lacrimal sac

Answer 18

lacrimal canaliculi

Question 19

allows lacrimal fluid to drain into the nasolacrimal duct

Answer 19

lacrimal sac

Question 20

allows lacrimal fluid to flow into the nasal cavity

Answer 20

nasolicrimal duct

Question 21

control the movement of each eyeball and hold eyes in the orbits

Answer 21

extrinsic eye muscles

Question 22

Depth perception is also called

Answer 22

three dimensional vision

Question 23

Describe depth perception

Answer 23

each eye has visual field of 170 degrees; 2 visual fields overlap, but each eye sees a slightly different view; visual cortex fuses they slightly different images delivered by the 2 eyes

Question 24

helps maintain shape of eyeball and provide attachment point for extrinsic eye muscle

Answer 24

sclera

Question 25

forms clear window that's the major light bending medium of eye

Answer 25

cornea

Question 26

blood vessels nourish the other layers of the eye and the melanin helps to absorb excess light

Answer 26

choroid

Question 27

contains the ciliary muscle and ciliary process

Answer 27

cilary body

Question 28

alters shape of lens with contraction and relaxation

Answer 28

cilliary muscle

Question 29

capillaries of the ciliary process form the aqueous humor by filtering plasma

Answer 29

ciliary process

Question 30

attaches lens to ciliary process

Answer 30

ciliary zonule (suspensory ligament)

Question 31

controls amount of light entering eye by changing size of pupil diameter

Answer 31

iris

Question 32

allows light to enter eye

Answer 32

pupil

Question 33

absorbs light and prevents it from scattering in the eye; pigment cells act as phagocytes for cleaning cell debris; store vitamin a needed for photorecptor renewal

Answer 33

pigmented layer of retina

Question 34

photoreceptors respond to light and convert light energy into action potentials that travel to primary visual cortex of brain

Answer 34

neural layer of retina

Question 35

Cells of the retina include what

Answer 35

pigment cells of outer pigmented layer and neurons of neural layer

Question 36

what 3 major populations of neurons located in inner neural layer

Answer 36

photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cells

Question 37

respond to light

Answer 37

photoreceptors

Question 38

what are 2 photoreceptors

Answer 38

rods and cones

Question 39

specialized photoreceptors for dim light

Answer 39

rods

Question 40

color photoreceptors that permit high levels of visual acuity, but only function under conditions of high light

Answer 40

cones

Question 41

T or F. light must pass through the ganglion cell layer and bipolar cell layer to reach and excite the rods and cones

Answer 41

T

Question 42

what happens to the photoreceptors as a result of light stimulus

Answer 42

they undergo changes in their membrane potential that influence bipolar cells, which stimulate ganglion cells

Question 43

how do the axons of the ganglion cells leave the retina

Answer 43

in tight bundles of fibers known as optic nerve

Question 44

Interneurons that play a role in visual processing

Answer 44

horizontal cells and amacrine cells