Special Species Anesthesia

Question 1

What are the 3R’s?

Answer 1

Reduction
Replacement
Refinement

Question 2

When are rats, mice, and hamsters active?

Answer 2

dawn and dusk

Question 3

What are pre-anesthetic management for rats, mice, and hamsters?

Answer 3

NO fasting 
do not vomit
prone to hypoglycemia and dehydration 
experience GI disturbances leading to changes in gut flora, ileus, and enterotoxemia
high energy and high water content 
all are coprophagic - avoid e-collars 
High risk of hyperthermia

Question 4

How do you administer anesthetics to rats, mice, and hamsters?

Answer 4

SQ

Question 5

Where do you get IV access in Rats?

Answer 5

Lateral tail vein

Question 6

Where do you get IV access in Rabbits?

Answer 6

Auricular
Cephalic
saphenous veins

Question 7

Where do you get IV access in Guinea Pigs, ferrets?

Answer 7

cephalic vein

Question 8

What is the most commonly used drugs in lab rodents?

Answer 8

Ketamine

Question 9

What is an irritant to guinea pigs?

Answer 9

Isoflurane

Question 10

Why should you be careful of ET tubes in rats, mice, and hamsters?

Answer 10

placing an ET tube narrows the airway and increases resistance to exhalation and potentially the work of breathing

Question 11

What kind of breathing system should you use in rats, mice, and rabbits?

Answer 11

Non-breathing
Low resistance
minimize dead space in order to prevent rebreathing

Question 12

What are not practical to use in rats and mice?

Answer 12

Force hot air blankets

Question 13

Where do you recover rats and mice?

Answer 13

In an incubator

Question 14

What analgesic is used in rats and mice?

Answer 14

Buprenorphine

Question 15

What can opioids cause in rats and mice?

Answer 15

Pica

Question 16

What drug is highly palatable in rats and mice?

Answer 16

Meloxicam

Question 17

What is the MAC of isoflurane in rats and mice?

Answer 17

1.25%

Question 18

What kind of metabolism do reptiles perform?

Answer 18

Poikilothermic/ectothermic

Question 19

How many chambers do squamate/chelonians have in their heart?

Answer 19

3 chambers - 2 atria and 1 ventricle

Question 20

How many chambers do crocodillians have in their heart?

Answer 20

4 chambers

Question 21

what are the blood pressures of chelonians and varanid lizards?

Answer 21

chelonians - 15-30 mmHg

varanid lizards - 60-80mmHg

Question 22

What is special about Chelonian and lizard lungs?

Answer 22

paired sac-like lungs and suspended in the pleuroperitoneal cavity
obligate nasal breathers

Question 23

What is special about snake lungs?

Answer 23

single functional right lung

possess a right tracheal lung

Question 24

What is different about the pulmonary system of reptiles?

Answer 24

Lack a diaphragm and inspiration and expiration are active processes
muscles involved in locomotion are involved in ventilation

Question 25

What is different about the pulmonary system of Chelonians?

Answer 25

the dorsal surface of the lung is attached to the carapace ventral surface to the abdominal viscera

Question 26

What is special about the renal system in reptiles?

Answer 26

Blood from the hindlimbs and tail may pass via the kidneys before returning to the heart

Question 27

Where are IM injections administered in snakes?

Answer 27

epaxial muscles

Question 28

Where are IM injections administered in lizards?

Answer 28

``` triceps biceps quadriceps semi-membranosus semi-tendinosis Tail ```

Question 29

Where are IV injections given in snakes and lizards?

Answer 29

Ventral coccygeal vein | Palatine vein

Question 30

Where are IV injections given in Tortoise and turtles?

Answer 30

Dorsal coccygeal vein

Question 31

Where are IV catheters placed?

Answer 31

Coccygeal and abdominal veins | jugular vein in tortoises

Question 32

What sedatives are used in reptiles?

Answer 32

Benzodiazepines | Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists

Question 33

What does Propofol cause in reptiles?

Answer 33

decrease in heart rate and respiratory depression

Question 34

What does Alfaxalone cause in reptiles with higher doses?

Answer 34

respiratory depression

Question 35

What happens with recovery with ketamine use in reptiles

Answer 35

Prolonged recovery