specialized wood finishes Flashcards
Dents and gouges
woods finished with shellac CANNOT be repaired using moisture or heat
if a dent or gouge cannot be raised using moisture and heat it will need to be repaired with fillers
steaming out a dent with a hot iron and damp rag repair procedure
- place a few water drops on dent after sometime the dent will not be as deep
- place an iron set to the highest setting on top of a clean folded cloth that is also damp apply pressure on damaged area hold until steam stops
- remove cloth and evaluate the process repeat until desired results are achieved or until there are no changes
if the wood is veneer and there is a strong possibility that it was attached with a water-soluble adhesive, the previous procedure will not wood
- lightly dampen the surface with water
- Place a square of clear plastic over the area the cover it with a square of wood and a very heavy weight and leave it in place overnight this process will allow the dent/gouge to expand but will hold the veneer tightly in place until the glue has a chance to reset
fixing the substrate
if the dent or gouge cannot be removed using moisture or heat it will have to be filled several products are available for filling dents or gouges in natural wood surfaces the filler will need to be tinted to match the background colour of the wood
Blending the topcoat
once the grained-in repair is completely dry, a repair must be made to the clear coating
Tinted paste filler
Paste wood filling is normally used to give an open-grained wood a smooth even finish without altering the look of the natural or stained wood, unlike normal paste filling this technique involves using coloured filler that is in contrast to the colour of the natural stained wood
Colourants
a wide range of colouring media are available for adding to paste fillers, traditional tempera paint powders, dye powders, universal colourants METALLIC DRY POWDERED, pigments, mother of pearl pigiments and almost any solid colouring medium can be used the resin within the paste filler is the glue that holds the colouring medium solidly into the grain of the wood
polishing a top coat
polishing is used in the wood finishing process to increase the gloss or smoothness of a finished surface
Polishing with pumice and rottenstone
once the surface has been nicely levelled and sanded to a dull, even sheen it is ready to begin polishing with the pumice powder, this process is used to remove the largest surface scratches and a small amount of surface coating,
Rottenstone is then used with an oil/mineral spirit lubricant and a felt pad but it used in a circular motion to help to remove the scratches that the pumice powder left on the surface
Each step along the finishing process is from more aggressive to less aggressive abrasives it is important not to make the move too soon because finer abrasives have to be worked longer and harder on larger defects and surface scratches
Multi-speckle finish
Multi-speckle finish is also known as LUNAR FINISH because it resembles craters
Faux finishes
A well done faux finish is extremely difficult to tell from the real thing two popular faux finishes are simulated marble and wood grain
Pre-staining/ Sap staining
the terms prestaining and sap staining are seldom heard anymore in the world of professional wood finishers this is because new processes have evolved to deal with large variations in wood colour within the same piece of solid or veneer
Materials used for shading
materials used for shading include aniline dyes, water,oil, solvents and topcoating, products such as lacquer. you may also spray pigmented oil stains for shading
Tints
the colouring medium used is usually an aniline dye-based product aniline dyes can be formulated to dissolve within water, oils, or lacquer- supporting solvents
