Specialties Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
Premature infant, respiratory distress, chest X-ray shows ground glass appearance…
A
Surfactant deficiency
2
Q
Surfactant deficiency risk factors
A
Prematurity
C-section
Male gender
Sepsis
3
Q
Prophylaxis of surfactant deficiency
A
Give the mother steroids (prednisolone) to increase surfactant production in the infant
4
Q
Jaundice <24hr is always…
A
Pathological
5
Q
Which tests do you want to do for a jaundiced baby?
A
FBC
Coombs
Bilirubin levels
6
Q
Causes of macrocytic anaemia
A
Alcohol
B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency
7
Q
B12 deficiency symptoms
A
Neurology: peripheral neuropathy, depression
Angular stomatitis
Glossitis
8
Q
What test do you need to do after 1st seizure?
A
ECG
9
Q
What test do you need to do after 2nd seizure?
A
EEG
10
Q
What test should you do for a focal seizure?
A
MRI head
11
Q
Treatment for absence seizure
A
Sodium valproate
Lamotrigine
12
Q
Side effects of sodium valproate
A
Weight gain
Hair loss
Liver damage
13
Q
Tonic clonic seizure treatment
A
Carbamazepine
Note that it’s a CYP450 inducer
14
Q
Refractory epilepsy drug
A
Phenytoin
15
Q
Management of septic arthritis
A
Joint aspiration (USS guided if needed, also lets you see effusion) IV antibiotics 4-6w
16
Q
After how many weeks can placenta previa be confirmed?
A
24 weeks
17
Q
Management of placental abruption
A
C section
18
Q
Features of vasa previa
A
Vaginal bleeding
Foetal bradycardia
19
Q
When should you offer C-section
A
HIV with high viral load
Breech twin presentation
Breech when ECV has failed
20
Q
Causes of uterine rupture
A
Retained Tissue
Reduced Tone
Trauma
21
Q
Increased risk of uterine rupture if previous…
A
C-section
22
Q
Previous C-section, offer what next birth?
A
CTG
Because of risk of uterine rupture
23
Q
Frothy green discharge
Dyspareunia
Strawberry cervix
A
Trichomonas vaginalis
24
Q
Trichomonas treatment
A
Metronidazole
25
Sx of symptomatic gonorrhoea
Dysuria
| Foul-smelling discharge
26
Salpingitis increases your risk of ...
Ectopics
27
Symptoms of chlamydia
Infertility
Discharge
Dysuria
28
Treatment for chlamydia
Azithromycin
29
Symptoms of bacterial vaginosis
Fishy smell
| Green discharge
30
Itchy burning vagina
| White discharge
Candidiasis
31
Treatment for overactive bladder
Bladder retraining
| Oxybutynin
32
Cause of overactive bladder
Detrussor overactivity
33
Normal CTG heart rate for foetus
100-160bpm
34
If PROM, should you do a vaginal examination?
NO
| May induce infection
35
Where does fertilisation usually occur?
Ampulla of fallopian tubes
36
How can you induce pregnancy?
Stretch and sweep
Prost x2
AROM (amnihook)
Oxytocin infusion
37
Signs of uterine hyperstimulation
7< contracts in 15 minutes
| STOP INFUSION!
38
Marker for ovarian cancer
CA125
39
At how many weeks can you offer IOL?
42w
40
Score to determine if the pregnancy will progress
Bishop's score
41
Rubella during pregnancy can cause what for the baby?
Cataracts
Jaundice
Hepatomegaly
42
Listeria in pregnancy puts mother at risk of...
Miscarriage
43
Parvovirus can cause X in pregnancy
Hydrops fatalis
44
At what dilation is it considered active labour?
4cm
45
Symptoms of endometriosis
```
Abdominal pain
Dyspareunia
Secondary dysmenorrhoea
Subfertility
Fixed, retroverted uterus
Adnexal tenderness
```
46
Most common causes of PID
Chlamydia
| Gonorrhoea
47
What Ix can you do for high risk of Down's syndrome?
Choronic villus sampling
48
How are perineal tears graded?
```
1 = skin
2 = perineum but no anus involvement
3a = external sphincter affected
3b = internal
3c = internal
4 = involves everything
```
49
What test can you do to determine if anti-D is required?
Kleihauer
50
Sx of cervical cancer
Bleeding
Post-coital bleeding
Pain
51
RF for cervical cancer
Smoking
| HPV
52
Unprovoked, painless bleeding in placenta previa, what should you do?
Admit them
High risk of further bleeding
Significant bleeding -> C section
53
Cut off for being called a miscarriage
<24 weeks
54
RF for miscarriage
LLETZ
Anti-phospholipid syndrome
TORCH organisms
55
What is chorioamnionitis?
Infection of the amniotic membranes
56
Sx of chorioamnionitis
Fever
Abdo pain
Uterine tenderness
Foul-smelling liquor
57
Mx of chorioamnionitis
Amoxicillin
58
Why are pregnant women more likely to get UTIs?
Progesterone dilates the uterine system
| Increases UTI and increases ascending renal infections
59
Symptoms of ovarian torsion
Vomiting
| Pain
60
What do B-HCG levels do in a normal intrauterine pregnancy?
Double
61
What happens to serial B-HCG in an ectopic
It tails off slowly
| Doesn't double
62
Dysmenorrhoea causes
Endometriosis
Cervical cancer
PID
63
HELLP stands for
Haemolysis
Elevated liver enzymes
Low platelets
64
Symptoms of HELLP syndrome
Nausea
Vomiting
RUQP (because haemorrhage of liver capsule)
Can lead to DIC and renal failure
Need senior help
65
Pregnancy with jaundice, proteinuria, epigastric pain
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
66
Severe itching in pregnancy can be
Obstetric cholestasis
67
Cut off for PPH
500ml
68
Sx of vaginal prolapse
Discomfort
Dragging
Lump
69
Sx of cystocele
Incontinence
Discomfort
Dragging
Lump
70
How would you expect b-HCG to change with time in an intrauterine pregnancy?
Doubling
71
Causes of primary dysmenorrhoea
Endometriosis
| PID
72
When is the pregnancy viable?
24w
73
How does acute fatty liver of pregnancy present?
```
Presents like cholestasis
Epigastric pain
Malaise
N&V
JAUNDICE
Proteinuria
```
74
When should you deliver with obstetric cholestasis?
37-38w
75
Post-coital bleeding could be
Ectopion
| Cervical dysplasia
76
First thought if post-menopausal bleeding?
Endometrial carcinoma
77
Signs of preeclampsia
```
Hypertension
Proteinuria
Hyperreflexia
Headache
Oedema Vision changes
```
78
Ix for infertility
Hysterosalpingogram
| Sort out any obvious causes = PCOS
79
Difficult to palpate the presenting part, appears to be a balotable object. What is going on?
Breech
80
Crampy pains
| Bloody mucus
Bloody show (loss of mucous plug)
81
Sx of PID
Abdominal pain
Dyspareunia
Purulent discharge
82
Mx of PID
Ceftriaxone
83
Down's testing
Nuchael translucency = screening
Quadruple test
Choronioc villus sampling = 11-14w
Amniocentesis = 15w (risk of miscarriage)
84
What increases the risk of endometrial cancer?
Increased oestrogen exposure
85
Indications for emergency C-section
Breech
Transverse lie
High HIV viral load
86
Mx of herpes
Aciclovir
87
When can you give VZVIG?
Up to 10 days post-exposure
88
Sx of fibroids
Bleeding
Infertility
Bloating
89
Mx of stress incontinence
Pelvic floor exercises
Duloxetine
Surgical
90
What can you test for premature ovarian failure (<40yo)
FSH
91
Sx of premature ovarian failure
Hot flushes
| Loss of libido
92
Menopause =
12mo of amenorrhoea
93
Complications of placenta accreta
Haemorrhage
| Non-separation
94
Definition of increta
Myometrium only (not all the layers)
95
How quickly should the placenta be delivered after the birth?
30 minutes
96
Mx of menorrhagia
Mirena coil
97
CIN Mx
Ablation
Agglutination
Cone biopsy
98
Components of the quadruple test
High B-HCG, Low AFP, Low oestradiol
99
PPROM, what examination do you want to do?
Sterile speculum
100
HSV in pregnancy results in X in the newborn
Encephalitis
101
Sharp sudden abdo pain
Shock
Bit of blood vaginally
Placental abruption
102
Eclampsia Mx
Magnesium sulphate
103
How can you delay labour?
Toxolytic medications = atosiban (inhibitor of oxytoxin)
104
Deliver Rh infant, what should you give
```
Post-natal anti-D
Kleihauer test (determine how much and if truly necessary)
```
105
Stage 3 ovarian cancer = where?
Confined to abdomen
106
Bad HPV =
16 and 18
| Associated with cervical cancer
107
Ix for endometrial cancer
USS
Hysteroscopy
Endometrial biopsy with pipelle
108
Cut off for endometrial hyperplasia on TVUSS
4mm
