Species interactions, population dynamics

Question 1

play an extremely important role in biological communities and ecosystem function

Answer 1

Species interactions

Question 2

Styles of interaction

Answer 2

positive, negative neutral

Question 3

example of positive interaction

Answer 3

mutualism

Question 4

example of negative interaction

Answer 4

predation, competition, parasitism

Question 5

example of neutral interaction

Answer 5

commensalism

Question 6

plays a critical role in an ecosystem; many other species depend on it for resources; ecosystems collapse/decline/alter if it is removed

Answer 6

keystone species

Question 7

example of keystone species

Answer 7

fig trees bear fruit year round

Question 8

one organism directly feeding on/using another living organism

Answer 8

predation

Question 9

result of predation

Answer 9

adaptation: defensive traits (spines, thorns, toxins) and offensive traits (speed, agility, immunity)

Question 10

mimic venomous or toxic species

Answer 10

Batesian mimicry

Question 11

two unpalatable species evolved to look alike

Answer 11

Mullerian mimicry

Question 12

types of coevolution

Answer 12

batesian mimicry and mullerian mimicry

Question 13

two or more species living in the same area that develop a relationship; often related to coevolution; usually enhances survival/reproduction

Answer 13

symbiosis

Question 14

fitness of one organism is lowered by presence of another

Answer 14

competition

Question 15

types of competition

Answer 15

intraspecific and interspecific

Question 16

same species compete

Answer 16

intraspecific

Question 17

different species compete

Answer 17

interspecific

Question 18

affecting the ability of an organism to consume resources/reproduce

Answer 18

interference

Question 19

overconsumption of resources – e.g., Asian carp in Illinois River

Answer 19

exploitation

Question 20

mechanisms of competition

Answer 20

interference, exploitation, direct vs indirect contact

Question 21

results of competition

Answer 21

niche differentiation, adaptation via natural selection, population control/reduction

Question 22

resource partitioning, exclusion

Answer 22

niche differentiation

Question 23

Factors that affect growth (r)

Answer 23

internal, external, density dependent, density independent, carrying capacity,

Question 24

growth and maturation rates, metabolism, fecundity

Answer 24

internal

Question 25

habitat quality, food availability, species interactions

Answer 25

external

Question 26

as population increases, so does effect

Answer 26

Density-dependent

Question 27

affected no matter population size

Answer 27

density-independent

Question 28

number/biomass of life that can be supported in an area | A dynamic quantity, can vary with changes in habitat

Answer 28

carrying capacity (k)

Question 29

Species Population Growth Types

Answer 29

r-selected species and K-selected species

Question 30

High reproductive rates, often overshoot carrying capacity | Lots of young, few survive

Answer 30

r-selected species

Question 31

Conservative reproduction rates, slow growth near carrying capacity Fewer young, longer maturation time

Answer 31

k-selected species

Question 32

Survivorship patterns

Answer 32

Type I – k-selected patterns Type II – r-selected and k-selected patterns Type III – r-selected patterns