Specific Senses

Question 1

Photoreceptor with 3 dif types to perceive wavelengths to diff colors and fine detail:

Answer 1

Cones

Question 2

Photoreceptors concentrated in fovea:

Answer 2

Cones

- central vision

Question 3

Photoreceptor for low-light, containing rhodopsin:

Answer 3

Rods

Question 4

Most abundant photoreceptor in the eye and most concentrated in the periphery?

Answer 4

Rod

- Rods rule

Question 5

Visual processing pathway:

Answer 5

bipolar cell: optic nerve
crossover: chiasm
optic tract > lateral geniculate nucleus (thalamus) > occipital lobe

Question 6

What is motion parallax?

Answer 6

• objects close to us move further cross our visual field than those far from us
• depth perception
• train and moving objects vs hills in background

Question 7

Structures of outer ear:

Answer 7

ear lobe, pinna, tympanic membrane

Question 8

Structures of middle ear:

Answer 8

Ossicles, oval windo, eustachian tube

eustachian tube; equalize pressure when you are flying

Question 9

Structures of inner ear:

Answer 9

bony labryinth, hair cells, cochlea, basilar membrane,

Question 10

What is a homonculus

Answer 10

• • scale of body part proportional to nerve density and amount of space in brain dedicated to processing
• huge tongue, lips, and hands, decently large feet

Question 11

what are the components of the vestibule?

Answer 11

• utricle: horizontal plane

- saccule: motion in vertical plane

Question 12

what is the function of the vestible?

Answer 12

sense linear acceleration

Question 13

what is an otolith?

Answer 13

calcium carbonate speck that can stimulate hair cells

Question 14

What is the function of a hair cell? q

Answer 14

• sound detection, balance, orientation

Question 15

What are hair cells attached to?

Answer 15

basilar membrane

Question 16

What are the components that sense rotational acceleration?

Answer 16

semicircular canals

Question 17

what is in a semicircular canal? how many are there?

Answer 17

ampulla filled with hair cells and endolymph fluid

- there are 3: x/y/z planes

Question 18

What are the 3 wavelengths perceived by cones?

Answer 18

blue: 420 nm
green: 530 nm
red: 560 nm

BLUE 420 + 110 = 530, the thirty you add on to get green

Question 19

Choroid location and function

what is continuous with?

Answer 19

middle layer supply blood to retina

- continuous with iris

Question 20

sclera locaiton and function

what is cont with?

Answer 20

outer layer - white color, structural support

- cont with lens

Question 21

what are intermediary cells in between rods/cones and ganglion cells?

Answer 21

bipolar: help integrate mult rods and cones
horizontal cells: facilitate rods/cones to bipolar
amacrine cells: facilitate bipolar cells to ganglion celsl

Question 22

What does the left retina correspond to? where is this processed?

Answer 22

right visual field

- left hemisphere

Question 23

what is different about nasal retinas?

Answer 23

they cross over in chiasm

Question 24

what is a magoncellular neuro?

Answer 24

large and motion

Question 25

what is a parvocellular neuron?

Answer 25

small and detailed

Question 26

what neurons are located in LGN?

Answer 26

magno/parvoceullar

Question 27

what is serial memory processing?

Answer 27

consciously looking one place after another, analyzing stimuli in order

Question 28

what is parallel processing?

Answer 28

integrating mult input simult

Question 29

feature detection

Answer 29

respond to specific elements of stimuli: shape, color, motion

Question 30

what are the different fluids of bony and membranous labryinth?

Answer 30

bony: peri membranous: endo

Question 31

what are the components of the cochlea?

Answer 31

scala vestibule and tympani (perilympth: - organ of corti on basilar membrane - outer membrane of cochlea is reissner's membrane

Question 32

what are the changes in thickness of basilar membrane corresponding to?

Answer 32

thickest: high freq close to oval window narrow: low freq apex far from oval window

Question 33

Why do adults lose higher pitched hearing first?

Answer 33

hair cells and stiffness of basilar membrane near oval window occurs first which corresponds to high freq sounds coclear base

Question 34

What is something noteworhty about how smell is processed?

Answer 34

first olfactory bulb > limbic system | - semll can evoke strong memory

Question 35

Where is taste information processed?

Answer 35

thalamus > gustatory cortex (insula)