Specifically mentioned papers

Question 1

What xenogenic plasmid DNA targets were evaluated?

Answer 1

huTyr
murine GP75
muTry
muTry+/-HuGM-CSF
(diff concentrations used)

Question 2

A 2-5 fold increase in antibodies is documented in response to what?

Answer 2

huTyr

Question 3

Which vaccine was associated with longest MST and what was it?

Answer 3

huTyr and 389 d

Question 4

For dogs with OMM stage 2-3 with local control, what is MST of all vaccines?

Answer 4

569d

Question 5

What are two molecules involved in cell contact growth inhibition?

Answer 5

NF2 (couples E-cad to transmembrane RTK)

LKB1 (epithelial polarity protein)

Question 6

When LKB1 expression is suppressed, epithelial cells become more susceptible to what oncogene?

Answer 6

myc

Question 7

In health what is main effect of TGFbeta on proliferation?

Answer 7

antiproliferation

Question 8

which caspase is activated by the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways?

Answer 8

intrinsic: 9
extrinsic: 8

Question 9

Bcl2, BclxL, bclw, Mcl1 and A1 impact apoptosis in what way?

Answer 9

antiapopotic

Question 10

Bax and Bak have what role?

Answer 10

pro apopotic and result in disruption of mitochondrial membrane integrity and release of cytochrome C and other substances

Question 11

What does p53 upregulate as part of apoptotic pathway?

Answer 11

Noxa and Puma

Question 12

What changes result in Bim activation?

Answer 12

insufficient survival signals (low IL3 in lymphocytes or low IGF1/2 in epithelial cells)

Question 13

T/F hyperactivation of myc does not lead to apoptosis

Answer 13

false it does unless anti-apoptotic factor present

Question 14

what is the most common strategy to avoid apoptosis?

Answer 14

loss of p53

Question 15

Beclin-1 release from Bcl2/BclxL results in what?

Answer 15

autophagy

Question 16

T/F Autophagy can be both tumor promoting and tumor suppressive

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What DNA feature is integral to replicative immortality?

Answer 17

telomeres

Question 18

what is the role of telomerase?

Answer 18

prevents telomere erosion

Question 19

maintenance of telomere length induces resistance to what two processes?

Answer 19

senescence and apoptosis

Question 20

T/F Telomere erosion can be protumorigenic

Answer 20

true

Question 21

T/F TERT only has activity in telomere maintenance

Answer 21

false- also cofactor of B catenin/LEF transcription factor complex, cell proliferation and resistance to apoptosis, DNA damage repair and RNA dep RNA polymerase fxn as well

Question 22

What two features increase VEGF expression?

Answer 22

hypoxia and oncogene signaling

Question 23

What is the role of thrombospondin 1?

Answer 23

antiangiogenic

Question 24

What are the main steps to metastasis?

Answer 24

local invasion
intravasation
transit
extravasation
micrometastasis
colonization

Question 25

What transcription factors are associated with EMT?

Answer 25

snail, slug, twist, zeb1/2

Question 26

EMT process up or down regulates E-cadherin?

Answer 26

downregulates

Question 27

What additional cells, aside from neoplastic, are involved in invasion and metastasis?

Answer 27

TME - macrophages, MSC etc

Question 28

T/F EMT is an irreversible one way process

Answer 28

false can undergo MET or partial EMT etc

Question 29

What are ways in which micromets may be dormant?

Answer 29

inability to activate angiogenesis nutrient starvation anti-growth signals in ECM immune system suppression

Question 30

Telomerase activity applies to what two hallmarks?

Answer 30

unlimited replication | genomic instability

Question 31

What is one way cells facilitate glucose requirements for increased aerobic glycolysis?

Answer 31

increased GLUT1

Question 32

What are some unique features of CSC?

Answer 32

ability to regenerate/repopulate tumor | resistance to anticancer therapy

Question 33

what are two vascular cells in TME?

Answer 33

endothelial cells and pericytes

Question 34

what are two types of cancer associated fibroblasts?

Answer 34

tissue derived | myofibroblasts (SMA expression)

Question 35

What translocation occurs w/ burkitt's LSA?

Answer 35

IgH and myc

Question 36

what results in constitutive myc activation?

Answer 36

CFA13 amplification

Question 37

CLL has what mutation?

Answer 37

CFA 22 - deletion Rb