Spectatorship

Question 1

Umberto Eco - Aberrant Decoding

Answer 1

• Suggested that in pre-industrial cultures, communication only occurred between people that shared a culture therefore they were likely to decode a text in the same way.
• However now it is likely that people decode texts in different ways
• This is an Aberrant Response
• Huge influence on Stuart Hall

Question 2

Stuart Hall - Encoding & Decoding

Answer 2

• Suggested that all texts are encoded with ideological meaning
• Director uses Film Form, Narrative, Dialogue etc
• Audience must decode the ideological meaning through their own lens
• In doing so they will have three different responses:
• Preferred response meaning the audience agree with the ideology of the text
• Oppositional response meaning the audience actively reject the intended ideology
• Negotiated Response meaning it’s combo of the other two responses