Spectrogram Analysis Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are the characteristics of stops in a spectrogram?
- Silent gap (voice bar)
- Release burst
- Voice onset time
- Formant transition
When 2 articulators com together and momentarily stop the flow of air
Major sound source for these is not vocal fold vibration but PRESSURIZED AIR that is forced from the oral cavity
Stops
True or False
Voiceless sounds show real identifiable formant structures
False
Voiceless sounds show NO real identifiable formant structures
Describe silent gap
Reflects the time during which the articulators form the blockage and the pressure in the oral cavity is building up
Describe a voice bar
Indication that there is some vocal fold vibration during the pressure buildup caused by the closure of the articulators. Thus, it is not seen on voiceless stops.
This is the time between the release of the articulatory blockage and the beginning of vocal fold vibration for the following vowel.
Voice onset time
A vowel that changes its resonance characteristics during production.
Diphthongs
When tongue position changes midway through production it results in a _____ ______.
Formant transition
How do diphthongs appear spectrographically?
Have a steady state portion, followed by a formant transition and then another steady state portion.
They are fairly long in duration
These are sometimes classified as semi-vowels and are always voice with an airflow that is not completely smooth.
These are characterized by quick tongue movements that result in formant transitions that are more rapid than those of diphthongs
glides
How do glides appear spectrographically?
Appear as a formant transition and are normally short
DO NOT have a steady state portion like a diphthong
These are characterized by more steady state formants reflecting that the sounds are made without changes in tongue position
liquids
How do liquids appear spectrographically?
Have a steady state portion
Duration is comparable to glides
Produced by forcing air through a narrow channel of high pressure in the oral cavity. Produced when air that is pressurized become turbulent and results in random variations of air pressure. The resulting sound is a hissing like sound. By nature they are aperiodic
Fricatives
How are fricatives shown on a spectrogram?
They have a wideband of energy that is distributed over a wide range of frequencies - have high frequency values
The energy is present longer in duration than stops.
Is affected by placement of articulators.
These are a combination of stops and fricatives
affricates
How do affricates appear on a spectrogram?
Silent gap followed by a fricative looking portion with high frequencies
More similar to fricatives but typically shorter
True or False
Affricates are not typically noticeable in spectrograms in connected speech
True
These are created as the sound wave resonates in the nasal cavity. When we lower the velum, we couple the nasal cavity to the rest of the vocal tract and this produces the different acoustic characteristics
Nasals
How do nasals appear spectrographically?
Intense low frequencies
Intiresonances/Anti-Formants
Long in duration
These filter the opposite of how the rest of the vocal tract system works. Due to the fact the nasal cavity is so absorbent
Antiresonance/Anti-Formants
These are all voiced and produced in a relatively open vocal tract. The place of articulation differs by placement of tongue.
vowels
What are the two ways tongue placement differs in vowel production?
Height of the tongue within the oral cavity (high or low)
Advancement of tongue within the oral cavity
What is a formant?
Acoustic result of changing resonant frequencies
Measured at the output
