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Antibiotics/Pulmonary > Spectrum of Activity > Flashcards

Spectrum of Activity Flashcards

1
Q

Narrow Spectrum PCN (Natural PCNs) - Gram (+)

A

Streptococcus (Group A and B; pneumoniae); Enterococcus (limited)

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2
Q

Narrow Spectrum PCN (Natural PCNs) - Gram (-)

A

Neisseria meningitidis (PCN G)

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3
Q

Narrow Spectrum PCN (Natural PCNs) - Anaerobes

A

Peptostreptococcus, Clostridium (not difficile)

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4
Q

Narrow Spectrum PCN (Natural PCNs) - Other

A

Treponema pallidum, Listeria (PCN G)

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5
Q

Penicillinase-Resistant PCN (Anti-Staph PCNs) - Gram (+)

A

MSSA, Streptococcus (group A and B; pneumoniae), MSSE (only about 50% of Staph epi is MSSE)

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6
Q

Penicillinase-Resistant PCN (Anti-Staph PCNs) - Gram (-)

A

None

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7
Q

Penicillinase-Resistant PCN (Anti-Staph PCNs) - Anaerobes

A

Peptostreptococcus

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8
Q

Amino-PCNs - Gram (+)

A

Streptococcus (Group A and B; pneumoniae); Enterococcus (with aminoglycoside)

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9
Q

Amino-PCN - Gram (-)

A

H. flu (+/-), Neisseria, Proteus

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10
Q

Amino-PCN - Anaerobes

A

Peptostreptococcus; Clostridium (not difficile)

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11
Q

Amino-PCN - Other

A

Listeria; H. pylori

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12
Q

Amino-PCN + Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor - Gram (+)

A

Staph; Strep; Enterococcus (w/ aminoglycoside)

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13
Q

Amino-PCN + Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor - Gram (-)

A

H. flu; Neisseria; M. cat; E. coli; Klebsiella; Proteus

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14
Q

Amino-PCN + Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor - Anaerobes

A

Peptostreptococcus; Clostridium (not difficile); B. fragilis

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15
Q

Anti-Pseudomonal PCN - Gram (+)

A

Staph; Strep (weaker than Amino-PCN); Enterococcus (Limited)

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16
Q

Anti-Pseudomonal PCN - Gram (-)

A

H. flu; Neisseria, M. cat; E. coli; Klebsiella; Proteus (many can produce B-Lactamase); Pseudomonas

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17
Q

Anti-Pseudomonal PCN - Anaerobes

A

Peptostreptococcus; Clostridium (not difficile)

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18
Q

Anti-Pseudomonal PCN + B-Lactamase Inh - Gram (+)

A

Staph; Strep; Enterococcus (limited)

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19
Q

Anti-Pseudomonal PCN + B-Lactamase Inh - Gram (-)

A

H. flu; Neisseria; M. cat; E. coli; Klebsiella; Proteus; Serratia; Enterobacter; Pseudomonas

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20
Q

Anti-Pseudomonal PCN + B-Lactamase Inh - Anaerobes

A

Peptostreptococcus; Clostridium (not difficile); B. fragilis

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21
Q

1st Gen Cephalosporin - Gram (+)

A 
Staph (good activity vs MSSA + some activity vs MSSE); Strep (except pneumoniae).
Best Gram (+) Cephalosporin.
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22
Q

1st Gen Cephalosporin - Gram (-)

A 
E. coli; Klebsiella, Proteus
Worst Gram (-) Cephalosporin
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23
Q

1st Gen Cephalosporin - Anaerobes

A

No activity vs Anaerobic bacteria

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24
Q

2nd Gen Cephalosporin - Gram (+)

A

Staph; Strep (weaker than 1st Gen)

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25
2nd Gen Cephalosporin - Gram (-)
H. flu; Neisseria; M. cat; E. coli; Klebsiella; Proteus
26
2nd Gen Cephalosporin - Anaerobes
B. fragilis; Clostridium (not difficile); Peptostreptococcus | Cefoxitin better than Cefotetan (primarily)
27
3rd/4th Gen Cephalosporin - Gram (+)
Staph; Strep (weaker than 1st/2nd gen) - PO agents weaker than Ceftriaxone/Cefotaxime MRSA - Ceftaroline only
28
3rd/4th Gen Cephalosporin - Gram (-)
H. flu; Neisseria; M. cat; E. coli; Klebsiella; Proteus; Serratia; Enterobacter (good activity) Pseudomonas - ceftazidime, cefepime only Best Cephalosporin against Gram (-)
29
Carbapenem - Gram (+)
Staph, Strep Broad spectrum ICU coverage Little/No coverage of MRSA, DRSP, VRE, Enterococcus, "atypical" pneumonia pathogens Ertapenem - has no MRSA or Enterococcus coverage
30
Carbapenem - Gram (-)
Good activity including Pseudomonas Broad spectrum ICU coverage Ertapenem - has no pseudomonas coverage.
31
Carbapenem - Anaerobes
Good activity except C. difficile | Broad spectrum ICU coverage
32
Vancomycin - Gram (+)
Very active against Gram (+) organisms - Staph; MRSA and MRSE - DOC for both; Strep (including all strains of Strep pneumoniae); Enterococcus (w/ aminoglycoside)
33
Vancomycin - Gram (-)
no coverage
34
Monobactam - Gram (+)
no coverage
35
Monobactam - Gram (-)
Gram (-) specialist. Good activity against Gram (-) anaerobes including Pseudomonas
36
Oxazolidinone - Linezolid
Staph; Strep; Enterococcus; MRSA; MRSE; VRE; DRSP
37
Oxazolidinone - Tidizolid
MRSA; Streptococcus; E. faecalis
38
Streptogramin
Staph; Strep; Enterococcus (faecium only); MRSA; MRSE; DRSP; VRE (faecium only)
39
Cyclic Lipopeptide
Gram (+) specialist - MRSA, VSE, some strains of VRE
40
Lipoglycopeptide - Telavancin
Gram (+) bacteria including MRSA
41
Lipoglycopeptide - Dalbavancin
MRSA and Streptococcus species
42
Lipoglycopeptide - Oritavancin
MRSA; Streptococcus species and VRE (faecalis)
43
Glycylcycline
MRSA and VRE
44
2nd Gen Fluoroquinolone - Cipro - Exc/Good coverage
E. coli; Klebsiella; Proteus; Enterobacter; Serratia
45
2nd Gen Fluoroquinolone - Cipro Good coverage
H. flu; Neisseria; M. cat; Pseudomonas | Best Pseudomonas activity of Fluoroquinolones.
46
2nd Gen Fluoroquinolone - Cipro Mod/Poor coverage
Staph; Strep; Enterococcus | Poor coverage for S. pneumoniae
47
2nd Gen Fluoroquinolone - no coverage
B. fragilis
48
3rd Gen Fluoroquinolone - Levofloxacin - Exc/Good coverage
E. coli; Klebsiella; Proteus; Enterobacter; Serratia
49
3rd Gen Fluoroquinolone - Levofloxacin - Good coverage
H. flu; Neisseria; M. cat
50
3rd Gen Fluoroquinolone - Levofloxacin - Good/Mod/Poor Coverage
Staph; Strep
51
3rd Gen Fluoroquinolone - Levofloxacin - Mod/Poor coverage
Enterococcus; Pseudomonas
52
3rd Gen Fluoroquinolone - Levofloxacin - no coverage
B. fragilis
53
4th Gen Fluoroquinolone - Moxifloxacin - Exc/Good coverage
Enterobacter; Serratia
54
4th Gen Fluoroquinolone - Moxifloxacin - Good coverage
Staph; Strep; H. flu; Neisseria; M. cat; E. coli; Klebsiella; Proteus; B. fragilis Best Respiratory Fluoroquinolone (Gram (+))
55
4th Gen Fluoroquinolone - Moxifloxacin - Good/Mod/Poor
Enterococcus
56
4th Gen Fluoroquinolone - Moxifloxacin - Mod/Poor coverage
Pseudomonas
57
Fluoroquinolone - Other coverage
Chlamydia; Legionella; Mycoplasma; Mycobacterium TB and Avium (alt); H. pylori (in combo with Metronidazole, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline + Bismuth)
58
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Gram (+)
Strep Pneumoniae (50% resistant); Staph (MSSA, MRSA, CA-MRSA)
59
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Gram (-)
H. flu; M. cat; E. coli; Klebsiella; Serratia (variably susceptible for all of these)
60
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole - Other
GI pathogens - Enterotoxigenic E. coli; Salmonella; Shigella; Vibrio cholerae; Yersinia enterocolitica Listeria; Nocardia; Mycobacterium marinum Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci
61
Aminoglycosides - Gram (+)
None
62
Aminoglycosides - Gram (-)
Good activity against all Gram (-) anaerobes including Pseudomonas. Tobramycin is the best Aminoglycoside at Pseudomonas Gentamicin is the best Aminoglycoside at Serratia
63
Tetracyclines Gram (+)
Strep (avoid for highly resistant S. pneumoniae); Staph. Broad spectrum bacteriostatic drugs- inhibit the growth of many Gram (+) and Gram (-) organisms and Rickettsiae, Spirochetes, Mycoplasmas and Chlamydiae
64
Tetracyclines Gram (-)
H. flu; Neisseria; M. cat; E. coli; +/- Klebsiella Broad spectrum bacteriostatic drugs- inhibit the growth of many Gram (+) and Gram (-) organisms and Rickettsiae, Spirochetes, Mycoplasmas and Chlamydiae
65
Tetracyclines Anaerobes
+/- B. fragilis; Clostridium (not difficile) Broad spectrum bacteriostatic drugs- inhibit the growth of many Gram (+) and Gram (-) organisms and Rickettsiae, Spirochetes, Mycoplasmas and Chlamydiae
66
Tetracyclines - Other
Listeria; Mycoplasma; Chlamydia; Rickettsia; Borrelia burgdorferi Broad spectrum bacteriostatic drugs- inhibit the growth of many Gram (+) and Gram (-) organisms and Rickettsiae, Spirochetes, Mycoplasmas and Chlamydiae
67
Macrolides - Erythromycin - Gram (+)
Staph (mod to poor); Strep (group A - good (alt if PCN allergic) - S. pneumoniae - good (alt to PCN) Same as Clarithromycin.
68
Macrolides - Erythromycin - Gram (-)
+/- H. flu; +/- Neisseria; + M. cat
69
Macrolides - Erythromycin - Anaerobes
Clostridium (not difficile)
70
Macrolides - Erythromycin - Other
Good coverage. Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Legionella pneumophila; Chlamydia species (atypical RTI pathogens) Bordetella pertussis; Treponema pallidum; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Campylobacter jejuni; some Rickettsia
71
Macrolides - Clarithromycin - Gram (+)
Staph (mod to poor); Strep (group A - good (alt if PCN allergic) - S. pneumoniae - good (alt to PCN). Same as Erythromycin.
72
Macrolides - Clarithromycin - Gram (-)
H. flu (better than Erythromycin but still moderate); +/- Neisseria; + M. cat.
73
Macrolides - Clarithromycin - Anaerobes
Clostridium (not difficile)
74
Macrolides - Clarithromycin - Other
Good coverage. Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Legionella pneumophila; Chlamydia species (atypical RTI pathogens) Bordetella pertussis; Treponema pallidum; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Campylobacter jejuni; some Rickettsia. Same as Erythromycin but add - Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex; Toxoplasma gondii; Borrelia burgdorferi (deer tick); Babesia microti (Ixodes tick)
75
Macrolides - Azithromycin - Gram (+)
Staph; Strep (same as Erythromycin and Clarithromycin) S. pyogenes resistance has emerged in other countries with high usage. Pen-R S. pneumoniae also may be resistant to macrolides
76
Macrolides - Azithromycin - Gram (-)
H. flu (improved activity vs Erythromycin and Clarithromycin but recently reported bacteriologic failures up to 71%); Neisseria; M. cat
77
Macrolides - Azithromycin - Anaerobes
Peptostreptococcus; Clostridium (not difficile)
78
Macrolides - Azithromycin - Other
Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia - good coverage. | STIs - Chlamydia trachomatis; Ureaplasma urealyticum; N. gonorrhoeae; Treponema pallidum
79
Clindamycin - Gram (+)
Staph; Strep including Pen-R S. pneumoniae
80
Clindamycin - Gram (-)
none
81
Clindamycin - Anaerobes
B. fragilis (Clindamycin or Metronidazole is DOC); Other Bacteroides; Clostridia; Peptostreptococcus; Propionibacterium acnes; Fusobacterium
82
Clindamycin - Other
Parasites- Gardnerella, Toxoplasmosis. PCP.
83
Metronidazole - Gram (+)
none
84
Metronidazole - Gram (-)
none
85
Metronidazole - Anaerobes
Gram (-) anaerobes - bacteroides and some Gram (+) anaerobes - Clostridium
86
Metronidazole - Other
Various protozoa - Trichomonas, Giardia, Entamoeba | H. pylori - often combined with Tetracycline, Amoxicillin and Bismuth.

Antibiotics/Pulmonary (6 decks)

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