Spermatophyta Flashcards
(15 cards)
PHYLUM SPERMATOPHYTA
The spermatophytes
comprises of plants that produce seeds
ame seed plants. They are a subset of the embryophytes or land plants. Seed plants
(Division Spermatophyta) are the most common plants on earth today. In the fossil re
cord
there are examples of now extinct tree ferns that had seeds
ts likely originated from ferns. Seedless plants reproduce via spores
which are single
celled zygotes with a tough cell wall. Seed plants reproduce via seeds
which are mult
Icellular structures with a tough exterior tissue seed coat) encompassing an embryon
ic plant. Seeds also typically have nutritive tissue with in the seed coat used to nurture
the emoryo during its dormancy and earty development
wile spores nave no nutritiv
e tissue. Spermatophytes are divided into two major categories
which are the gymnos
perms (non-flowering plants) and angiosperms (flowering plants). Gymnosperm trans
lates to “naked seed.” meaning that the seed is not enclosed in a protective structure.
Gymnosperms include conifers
cycads
losperm translates to “vesseled seed
” in which the seed is encased in a protective stru
cture. called fruit. it is important to note that not all fruits are fleshy. For example. De
anuts are encased in a hard shell. The shell is actually the fruit, where the peanut is th
e seed.
General characteristics of phylum spermatophyta
The plant has roots. stems. leaves and seed bearing structures
They produce seeds
They have chlorophyll hence are photosynthetic
They have vascular tissue is highly developed with xylem tissue consisting of b
The division spermatophyte consists of two main subdivisions:
1. Gymnospermatophyta
2. Angiospermatophyta.
1. Gymnospermatophyta - are a group of seed-producing plants that includes co
nifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes. The term “gymnosperm” comes from
a composite word in Greek literally meaning “naked seeds”. The name is based
on the unenclosed condition of their seeds (called ovules in their unfertilized s
tate). The non-encased condition of their seeds contrasts with the seeds and ov
ules of flowering plants (angiosperms), which are enclosed within an ovary. Gy
mno sperm seeds develop either on the surface of scales or leaves, which are of
ten modified to form cones, or solitary as in Ginkgo.
An image showing various gymnosperms.
Characteristics
They bear cones of two types, male and female
After fertilization seeds are not enclosed in a fruit wall
They show some xeropnytic characteristics such as rotted leaves, needle-shape
leaves, sunken stomata and thick waxy leaves
ven cons srs mainly or tracheas wre onloem does nor nave companion co
