Spiers chapter 17

Question 1

Motivations of European exploration?

Answer 1

God, Gold, Glory

Question 2

Who created the compass?

Answer 2

chinese

Question 3

Who created the astrolabe?

Answer 3

Arabs

Question 4

What are cartographers?

Answer 4

Map Makers

Question 5

Who created the grid system? (longitude and latitude?)

Answer 5

Ptolemy

Question 6

what were caravels

Answer 6

Ships with multiple masts and lateen sails that could carry lots of cargo

Question 7

What was the first European country to explore the Atlantic?

Answer 7

Portugal

Question 8

Who was Prince Henry the Navigator

Answer 8

He sponsored the first Portuguese fleets to explore the west coast of Africa; founded a navigation school

Question 9

who was Bartholomeu Dias

Answer 9

Portuguese explorer who rounded the southern tip of Africa and named it the Cape of Good Hope

Question 10

who was vasco de gama

Answer 10

A Portuguese explorer who sailed to India, rounding the Cape of Good Hope

Question 11

who was christopher columbus

Answer 11

An Italian explorer who sailed under the Spanish flag to the Bahamas in 1492.

Question 12

what was the line of demarcation

Answer 12

A line drawn by the pope that divided the New World between Spain and Portugal

Question 13

who was ferdinand magellan

Answer 13

First to circumnavigate the world (Portuguese)

Question 14

who was Pedro Alveres Cabral

Answer 14

He was en route to India and landed on the coast of Brazil. Portuguese claimed Brazil under treaty.

Question 15

who was Hernan Cortes

Answer 15

A Spanish Conquistador who attacked the Aztecs and captured Montezuma.

Question 16

Who was the ruler of the Aztecs?

Answer 16

Montezuma

Question 17

how did the Spaniards take down the Aztecs

Answer 17

They teamed up with local native enemies of the Aztecs.

Question 18

who was Malinche

Answer 18

A native woman who translated for the Spanish, helping them communicate with Aztec enemies.

Question 19

who was Francisco Pizarro

Answer 19

Conquistador who invaded the Inca Empire (present-day Peru)

Question 20

Who was the ruler of the Inca Empire?

Answer 20

Atahualpa

Question 21

what are Viceorys

Answer 21

Spanish monarchs that ruled local provinces in the Americas

Question 22

What were Spain’s two goals for the New World?

Answer 22

-Acquire wealth
-Convert Natives to Christianity

Question 23

Viceroys gave landowners the power to enslave ______________.

Answer 23

Native Americans

Question 24

Millions of Natives died from___________.

Answer 24

Diseases

Question 25

As the Native American population was depleted, who did the Spaniards turn to for labor?

Answer 25

The Africans

Question 26

Who did the Dutch win their freedom from in the late 1500s?

Answer 26

Spain

Question 27

Dutch ships were more ______________.

Answer 27

Efficient. They could carry more cargo and required smaller crews.

Question 28

What became the largest commercial city?

Answer 28

Amsterdam (present-day New York City)

Question 29

What was established to ensure close relations between the Netherlands and Asia?

Answer 29

Dutch East India Company

Question 30

What became the headquarters of the Dutch East India Company?

Answer 30

Java (present-day Indonesia)

Question 31

By the mid-1600s, Asian trade was under _____________ control.

Answer 31

Dutch

Question 32

Who was Henry Hudson

Answer 32

A dutch explorer that claimed land along the Atlantic Coast of North America

Question 33

Who was Giovanni De Verrazano?

Answer 33

He was hired to find a passageway to Asia, through America. He did not succeed.

Question 34

Who was Jacques Cartier?

Answer 34

Claimed much of Eastern Canada for France

Question 35

Who was Samuel de Champlain

Answer 35

Founded Quebec; first French settlement in the Americas

Question 36

Who was Robert Cavalier

Answer 36

Claimed region surrounding the Mississippi River Valley for France

Question 37

Who was John Cabot

Answer 37

English explorer that founded Newfoundland, Canada

Question 38

What did English colonies have that others did not?

Answer 38

Representative government

Question 39

Explain the Triangular Trade

Answer 39

-Ships left England with manufactured goods (weapons, cloth, rum, etc) -Those good were traded for slave labor -Slaves were sold for American goods and those goods were taken back to England

Question 40

What was the middle passage?

Answer 40

The path along which enslaved Africans were taken to America. They were excruciatingly packed together and many died.

Question 41

How many slaves were taken from Africa along the middle passage?

Answer 41

10-24 million

Question 42

How many Africans died along the middle passage?

Answer 42

Approx. 20%

Question 43

Who was Alfonso I?

Answer 43

Kongo King who led a rebellion in Africa' Haiti won independence from France.

Question 44

What were Joint-stock companies?

Answer 44

A low-risk way for merchants to invest in exploration by sharing the profits and only losing their original investments if things went under.

Question 45

What is mercantilism?

Answer 45

The theory that a nation's power depends on it's wealth.

Question 46

What is a balance of trade?

Answer 46

Having more imports than exports