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Anatomy Lab > Spinal Anatomy > Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

spinal cords inferior end tapers to form___

A

conus medullaris

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2
Q

what are the longitudinal depressions of the spinal cord

A

Posterior median sulcus and Anterior median fissure

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3
Q

name the four parts of the spinal cord

A

lumbar, sacral, thoracic , cervical

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4
Q

what is the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord

A

neurons innervating upper limbs

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5
Q

what is the Lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord

A

neurons innervating lower limbs

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6
Q

what is a nerve

A

cable like bundles of axons

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7
Q

what is the connective tissue which covers the nerve

A

Epineurium

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8
Q

what is the connective tissue which covers each fascicle

A

perineurium

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9
Q

what is the connective tissue which covers each axon

A

endoneurium

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10
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are in the spinal cord

A

31

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11
Q

what does the Posterior root of a spinal nerve contain?

A

sensory neurons

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12
Q

what does the posterior root
ganglion of the spinal nerve contain?

A

contains cell bodies of sensory neurons

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13
Q

what needs to merge to form roots?

A

rootlets

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14
Q

which root contains motor neurons

A

anterior root

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15
Q

collection of nerves at the end of the spinal cord is known as the

A

cauda equina

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16
Q

where does the spinal cord end ?

A

inferior border of L1 vertebra

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17
Q

what houses the spinal cord

A

Vertebral column

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18
Q

from which foramen does each spinal nerve exists through

A

intervertebral foramen

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19
Q

what are the spinal cord meninges

A

pia mater, arachnoid mater and dura mater

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20
Q

what are the lateral extensions of pia mater that help anchor the spinal cord in place

A

Denticulate ligaments

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21
Q

The pia mater anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx by forming a thin strand called

A

Filum terminale

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22
Q

which meninge is external to pia and contains a web-like layer

A

arachnoid mater

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23
Q

what is the area deep to arachnoid through which CSF flows

A

subarachnoid space

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24
Q

which meninge is tough and is the outermost layer

A

dura mater

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25
what is the space between dura and arachnoid called
Subdural space
26
what is the space between dura and the vertebra called
epidural space
27
what is gray matter made of
neuron’s cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons; also glial cells
28
what do the Posterior horns of the spinal cord contain
axons of sensory neurons and cell bodies of interneurons
29
what do the Anterior horns of the spinal cord contain
cell bodies of somatic motor neurons
30
what do the lateral horns of the spinal cord contain
cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons
31
what is the Horizontal band of gray matter surrounding central canal
Gray commissure
32
Gray commissure contains
unmyelinated axons connecting left and right gray matter
33
what is a nuclei
group of cell bodies
34
which nuclei in posterior horn contain interneurons
sensory nuclei
35
Somatic sensory nuclei receive signals from
skin, muscle, joints
36
Visceral sensory nuclei receive signals from
blood vessels, viscera
37
what does the Somatic motor nuclei (anterior) innervate
skeletal muscle
38
what does the Autonomic motor nuclei (lateral) innervate
smooth muscle, hear glands
39
what is white matter
myelinated axons to and from the brain
40
what are the regions of white matter
Posterior funiculus, anterior funiculus, lateral funiculus
41
which region of white matter contains axon bundles called fasciculi
Posterior funiculus
42
which region of white matter Contains sensory (ascending) and motor (descending) tracts
lateral and anterior funiculus
43
what are small branches of autonomic fibers called
Rami communicantes
44
After intervertebral foramen, spinal nerve splits into
Posterior ramus and ventral ramus
45
what is a Segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve called
Dermatomes
46
Dermatomes is involved in
referred visceral pain
47
what is a network of interweaving anterior rami of spinal nerves called
nerve plexus
48
T or F : Most thoracic spinal nerves and nerves S5–Co1 do not form plexuses
True
49
what kind of nerves are located between ribs
Intercostal nerves
50
what kind of nerve is T12 and is located inferior to ribs
subcostal nerve
51
what is the anterior rami of C1–C4 called
Cervical plexuses
52
what is the name of a mixed nerve that controls the diaphragm, the main muscle used for breathing.
phrenic nerve
53
what are brachial plexuses composed of
anterior rami, trunks, divisions, cords
54
Rami unite to form trunks in posterior triangle of the neck, name those trunks
superior trunk, middle trunk and inferior trunk
55
Trunks divide into
anterior and posterior divisions
56
The brachial plexus is formed by
anterior rami of C5–T1
57
name the three cords of brachial plexus
posterior, medial and lateral
58
the Brachial plexus cords give rise to 5
terminal branches
59
name the 5 terminal branches of the brachial plexus cords
axillary, median, Musculocutaneous , radial and ulnar nerve
60
the lumbar plexus is formed by
anterior rami of L1–L4
61
which nerves does the lumbar plexuses include
femoral nerve and Obturator nerve
62
the sacral plexus is formed by
anterior rami of L4–S4
63
which nerve is the longest and largest in the body
sciatic nerve
64
name the nerves of the sacral plexus
sciatic nerve,tibial nerve, common fibular nerve, deep fibular nerve and superficial fibular nerve
65
Lateral horns of the gray matter are only present in parts
T1-L2
66
what is required to initiate a reflex
a stimulus
67
a response is __
rapid, preprogrammed and involuntary
68
what is a reflex
repaid preprogrammed, involuntary responses of muscles or glands to a stimulus
69
what is a neural pathway called that is responsible for generating the response
reflex arc
70
what do stretch and Golgi tendon reflexes rely on
proprioceptors
71
which proprioceptor detects stretch in a muscle
muscle spindle
72
what does a spindle contain
intrafusal muscle fibers innervated by gamma motor neurons
73
a stretch reflex is classified as
spinal, somatic, monosynaptic and ipsilateral, innate
74
which reflex prevents muscles from contracting excessively
tendon reflex
75
what detects excessive tension
Golgi tendon organs
76
which reflex pulls a body part away from a painful stimulus
withdrawal reflex
77
which reflex occurs in conjunction with withdrawal reflex
crossed - extensor reflex

Anatomy Lab (2 decks)

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