Spinal Anatomy CNS & related structures 23% part 1

Question 1

What gives rise to all neurons and supporting cells?

Answer 1

Ectoderm

Question 2

The vertebra develops from what?

Answer 2

sclerotome

Question 3

What induces the ectoderm to form the neuroectoderm?

Answer 3

Notochord

Question 4

What is the remnant of the neuroectoderm in the IVD?

Answer 4

nucleus pulposus

Question 5

What forms the neural plate?

Answer 5

Ectoderm

Question 6

What form s the neural groove?

Answer 6

Neural plate

Question 7

What does the neural plate house?

Answer 7

spinal cord and brain vesicles

Question 8

What are the brachial arches, PNS, Schwann cells, pia mater & arachnoid meninges, Sacral parasympathetics, and spinal (sensory) & autonomic ganglia developed from?

Answer 8

Neural crest

Question 9

What are the mesencephalic nucleus of V, Melanocytes, bones & connective tissue of the head, DRG, Ganglia of C.N. V, VII, IX, and X, as well as the adrenal gland medula and suprarenals developed from?

Answer 9

Neural crest

Question 10

Should you remember all that the neural crest develops into?

Answer 10

NO just remember the Neural plate!!!!!!

Question 11

What is the pneumonic to remember what the neural plate develops into?

Answer 11

M.O.A.N.E.R.

Question 12

Neural plate (brain cells) develop into what?

Answer 12

1. Macroglial cells a) Oligodendrocytes b) Astrocytes 2. Neurons CNS 3. Ependymal cells 4. Retinal cells

Question 13

What forms the lining of the digestive tube & its associated structures?

Answer 13

Endoderm epithelium

Question 14

What are the divisions of the primitive gut?

Answer 14

1. forgut 2. midgut 3. Hindgut 4. Allantois

Question 15

What is the allantios division of the primitive gut?

Answer 15

urinary bladder, vagina, urethra, prostate & urethral glands

Question 16

What do somite cell form?

Answer 16

1. sclerotome –> vertebral column 2. Myotome –> muscle & dermatome (skin)

Question 17

What does the foramen ovale become?

Answer 17

fossa ovalis (b/w interatrial septum)

Question 18

What does the ductus arteriosus become?

Answer 18

ligamentum arteriosum (bypasses lung pulmonary trunk to arch of aorta)

Question 19

What does the ductus venosus become?

Answer 19

ligamentum venosum (bypasses sinusoids of fetal liver)

Question 20

What does the umbilical vein become?

Answer 20

ligamentum teres (round ligament)

Question 21

What do the umbilical arteries become?

Answer 21

medial umbilical ligamnets

Question 22

What is the urachus a remnant of?

Answer 22

duct of allantois

Question 23

What type of cells line the capillaries, alveoli, and glomeruli and function in filtration and diffusion?

a. CIliated Epithelium
b. Simple squamus
c. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar
d. Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar

Answer 23

b. simple squamous

Question 24

What type of cells line the brain vesicles, oviduct, and lungs and function to circulate, move, and sweep/clean? a. CIliated Epithelium b. Simple squamus c. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar d. Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar

Answer 24

a.ciliated epithelium

Question 25

What type of cells line the trachea and upper respiratory tract a. CIliated Epithelium b. Simple squamus c. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar d. Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar

Answer 25

c. ciliated pseudostratified columnar

Question 26

What type of cells line the vas deferens? a. CIliated Epithelium b. Simple squamus c. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar d. Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar

Answer 26

d. Non-ciliated psuedostratified columnar

Question 27

The mandibular branch of the V (V3) has what brachial arch?

Answer 27

1

Question 28

The mandibular branch of the V (V3) has what skeletal structures associated with it?

Answer 28

Malleus (Meckel's cartilage) and incus (Quadrate cartilage)

Question 29

The mandibular branch of the V (V3) has what muscles associated with it?

Answer 29

muscles of mastication and jaw-closing muscles

Question 30

The facial (VII) nerve has what brachial arch associated with it?

Answer 30

2

Question 31

What skeletal structures does the facial nerve have?

Answer 31

Stapes and styloid

Question 32

What muscles are associated with the facial nerve?

Answer 32

Muscles of facial expression and jaw opening muscles stylohyoid and stapedius

Question 33

What brachial arch is associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?

Answer 33

3

Question 34

What skeletal structures are associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?

Answer 34

Cornu and hyoid

Question 35

What muscles are associated with the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?

Answer 35

Stylopharyngeus

Question 36

What brachial arch is associated with the superior laryngeal of the vagus (X)?

Answer 36

4

Question 37

What skeletal structures are associated with the superior laryngeal of the Vagus nerve (X)?

Answer 37

Thyroid and Cricoid cartilage

Question 38

What muscles are associated with the superior laryngeal of the vagus nerve (X)?

Answer 38

Pharyngeal, cricothyroid, and levator palatine

Question 39

What brachial arch is associated with the inferior laryngeal of the Vagus (X) (recurrent branch)?

Answer 39

6

Question 40

What skeletal structures are associated with the inferior laryngeal of Vagus nerve (X)?

Answer 40

Arytenoid, Corniculate cartilage, and Cuneiform cartilage

Question 41

what muscles are associated with the inferior laryngeal of Vagus nerve (X)?

Answer 41

Laryngeal

Question 42

what CN is associated with the 5th brachial arch?

Answer 42

NONE

Question 43

What is the "glue" that gives rise to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes?

Answer 43

glioblasts

Question 44

What is the most numerous cell in the CNS and acts like connective tissue?

Answer 44

Astrocyte

Question 45

What cell is part of the BBB and forms scar like tissue in injurys?

Answer 45

Astrocytes

Question 46

What cells are numerous but not as much as astrocytes and form MYELIN around the CNS?

Answer 46

Oligodendrocytes

Question 47

What ciliated cells line the CNS and make a "leaky" barrier between the CSF & CNS?

Answer 47

Ependymal cells

Question 48

What are cells act as phagocytes in the CNS?

Answer 48

Microglia

Question 49

What are microglia aka?

Answer 49

Gitterzellen cells

Question 50

What cells make neurons?

Answer 50

Neuroblasts

Question 51

What are the "connectors" within the CNS?

Answer 51

internuncial neurons

Question 52

What is the definition of commissural?

Answer 52

between two hemispheres

Question 53

What is the definition of association?

Answer 53

different parts in the same hemisphere

Question 54

what is the definition of PROJECTION?

Answer 54

lower centers to cerebral cortex

Question 55

What structures are in the CNS?

Answer 55

Brain and Spinal cord

Question 56

what are the most common type of neurons in the CNS? a. Unipolar b. Multipolar c. Astrocytes d. Oligodendrocyte

Answer 56

b. multipolar

Question 57

What does the gray matter in the CNS consist of?

Answer 57

cell bodies and dendrites

Question 58

What does the white matter of the CNS consist of?

Answer 58

myelinated axons

Question 59

What does the macroglia of the CNS consist of?

Answer 59

Astrocytes & Oligodendrocytes