Spinal Anatomy CNS & related structures 23% part 2

Question 1

Ventricles of the brain are direct extensions of what?

Answer 1

the spinal cord

Question 2

What are the three primary brain vesicles?

Answer 2

1. Prosencephalon
2. Mesencephalon
3. Rhombencephalon

Question 3

What are the secondary structures developed from the prosencephalon?

Answer 3

1. Telencephalon
2. Diencephalon

Question 4

What secondary brain vesicle does the forebrain develop from?

Answer 4

Telencephalon

Question 5

What secondary brain vesicle developes the thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal gland, retina, mamilary body, and post. pituitary?

Answer 5

Diencephalon

Question 6

what cranial nerve is associated with the telencephalon?

Answer 6

CN. l

Question 7

what cranial nerve is associated with the diencephalon?

Answer 7

CN ll

Question 8

What ventricles are in the prosencephalon?

Answer 8

1,2, and 3

Question 9

What is the foramen of monroe?

Answer 9

the interventricular foramen= 1, 2, and 3rd ventricle

Question 10

what secondary brain vesicle is developed from the mesencephalon?

Answer 10

mesencephalon

Question 11

What structure is part of the mesencephalon?

Answer 11

midbrain

Question 12

What cranial nerves are associated with the mesencephalon?

Answer 12

CN lll & lV

Question 13

What neural canal regions are w/in the mesencephalon?

Answer 13

the cerebral aqueduct of sylvius

Question 14

What secondary brain vesicles develop from the Rhombencephalon?

Answer 14

1. Metencephalon
2. Myelencephalon

Question 15

What structures are in the develop from the metencephalon of the rhombencephalon?

Answer 15

Pons & cerebellum

Question 16

What structures develop from the myelencephalon of the rhombencephalon?

Answer 16

medulla oblongata*****

Question 17

What crainial nerves are associated with the metencephalon?

Answer 17

V, Vl, Vll, and Vlll

Question 18

What cranial nerves are associated with the myelencephalon of the rhombencephalon?

Answer 18

lX, X, Xl, and Xll

Question 19

What ventricle is associated with the metencephalon and myencephalon of the rhombencephalon?

Answer 19

4th ventricle

Question 20

Secondary vesicle –> CN

TEL = ___

DI = ___

MES = ___

MET = ___

MY = ____

Answer 20

TEL = 1

DI = 2

MES = 3,4

MET = 5,6,7,8

MY = 9, 10, 11, 12

Question 21

KNOW THE STRUCTURE OF THE CIRLT OF WILLIS!!!!

Answer 21

pg 2

Question 22

Lateral aperatures = _____________

Answer 22

2 foramenia of Luschka

Question 23

Median aperature = _____________

Answer 23

1 foramen of Magendie

Question 24

What is the blood supply of circle of willis (arterial anastomosis) a communication of?

Answer 24

between the forebrain and hindbrain

Question 25

What does the circle of willis surround anatomically?

Answer 25

The pituitary gland and optic chiasm

Question 26

What arteries supply the circle of willis?

Answer 26

1. Internal carotid 2. vertebral arteries

Question 27

What arteries make up the actual circle in the cirle of willis?

Answer 27

1. Anterior cerebral 2. Posterior cerebral 3. Anterior communicating 4. Posterior communicating

Question 28

Which artery of the circle of willis is the most common site for a CVA/stroke?

Answer 28

Middle cerebral artery

Question 29

Which artery in the circle of willis carries the most blood?

Answer 29

middle cerebral artery (800 mL/min)

Question 30

What artery in the circle of willis sendds 200 branches into the vental aspect of the cord?

Answer 30

Anteromedial longitudinal artery trunk (AMLAT) aka anterior spinal artery

Question 31

What artery gives branches to supply the posterior roots of the spinal cord?

Answer 31

Posterolateral longitudinal artery trunk (PLLAT) aka posterior spinal artery

Question 32

what is another name for the cerebral cortex?

Answer 32

Pallium

Question 33

What is the Pallim (cerebral cortex) developed from?

Answer 33

Neural plate

Question 34

What makes up 90% of the cerebral cortex? a. neocortex (isocortex) b. Allocortex

Answer 34

a. neocortex

Question 35

how many cerebral cortex laminae are in the neocortex (isocortex)?

Answer 35

6

Question 36

How much of the cerebral cortex does the allocortex make up?

Answer 36

10%

Question 37

What is the diencephalon mostly formed by?

Answer 37

Thalamus

Question 38

What structure is a relay for the cortes, processes sensory info, sleep, and consciousness?

Answer 38

Diencephalon (thalamus)

Question 39

What part of the brain does motor relay?

Answer 39

diencephalon (thalmus)

Question 40

What part of the brain is responsible for postural adjustments?

Answer 40

Basal ganglia

Question 41

What part of the brain is responsible for steadying voluntary movements?

Answer 41

Basal ganglia

Question 42

What part of the brain has enkephalins?

Answer 42

basal ganglia

Question 43

Parkinsons, Huntington's chorea, and ballism are all caused by lesions in what part of the brain?

Answer 43

Basal ganglia

Question 44

What structures are in the basal ganglia?

Answer 44

1. Corpus striatum 2. amygdaloid nucleus 3. claustrum

Question 45

Nuclei of what brain vesicle include the cuadate, putamen, globus pallidus & basal ganglia? a. telencephalon nuclei b. mesenchphalon nuclei c. corpus striatum d. Lentiform Nucleus

Answer 45

a. telencephalon nuclei

Question 46

What contains the head of the cuadate and putamen? a. telencephalon nuclei b. mesenchphalon nuclei c. corpus striatum d. Lentiform Nucleus

Answer 46

c. corpus striatum

Question 47

The Globus pallidus (medial) and the putamen (lateral) are structures within which of the following? a. telencephalon nuclei b. mesenchphalon nuclei c. corpus striatum d. Lentiform Nucleus

Answer 47

d. Lentiform nucleus

Question 48

The substantia nigra and subthalamic are structures within which of the following? a. telencephalon nuclei b. mesenchphalon nuclei c. corpus striatum d. Lentiform Nucleus

Answer 48

b. mesencephalon nuclei

Question 49

What structures is the brainstem made up of?

Answer 49

1. Medulla oblongota 2. pons 3. midbrain

Question 50

What is the conduit for the ascending and descending tracts?

Answer 50

Brainstem

Question 51

What part of the CNS contains reflex centers associated with respiration, CV & consciousness?

Answer 51

brainstem

Question 52

What nuclei does the brainstem contain?

Answer 52

CN. lll - Xll

Question 53

What is the layering of the meningies from inside --\> out?

Answer 53

Pia, Arachnoid, Dura mater (PAD)

Question 54

How much CSF does the average adult have in the body?

Answer 54

140mL - 270mL

Question 55

What is contained within the epidural space?

Answer 55

Fat and veins

Question 56

What is the space between the arachnoid and pia mater called?

Answer 56

subarachnoid space

Question 57

What cells are the innermost layer of the neural tube?

Answer 57

Ependymal cells

Question 58

At what location is a lumbar puncture "spinal tap" perfromed?

Answer 58

Subarachnoid space

Question 59

What produces CSF?

Answer 59

choroid plexus

Question 60

What resorbs CSF?

Answer 60

Arachnoid granulations

Question 61

How many mL of CSF are approx. in the ventricles?

Answer 61

25mL

Question 62

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 62

31

Question 63

What is the Bell-Magendi law?

Answer 63

Dorsal roots = sensory (afferent fibers) Ventral roots = motor (efferent roots) (S.A.M.E.)

Question 64

What vertebral level does the spinal cord end?

Answer 64

L1/L2

Question 65

What is the end of the spinal cord called?

Answer 65

Conus medullaris

Question 66

What is the term for the roots of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves exiting through the lumbar cistern called?

Answer 66

Cuada Equina

Question 67

what makes the roof of the midbrain?

Answer 67

tectum

Question 68

Where does the exchange of CSF between the 3rd & 4th ventricles happen?

Answer 68

Cerebral aqueduct of sylvius

Question 69

Wha is the amino acid precursor to dopamine?

Answer 69

tyrosine

Question 70

what is a byproduct of the production of dopamine?

Answer 70

melanin

Question 71

Where is dopamine produced in the midbrain?

Answer 71

substantia nigra

Question 72

The tegmentum, substantia nigra, crus cerebri, and CN lll & lV are all part of what?

Answer 72

cerebral peduncles

Question 73

The corticospinal, corticopontine, corticobulbar & corticomesenvephalic fibers (move the eye) are all part of what?

Answer 73

crus cerebri

Question 74

What functions in the integration of "momentary" static muscle contraction, joint tension, visual & auditory input all regarding EQUILIBRIUM?

Answer 74

Cerebellum

Question 75

cerebellum = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 75

EQUILIBRIUM

Question 76

The vermis of the cerebellum is located: a. medially b. laterally c. posteriorly d. superiorly

Answer 76

a. medially

Question 77

What is located more anterior and deals with general muscle tone? a. Paleocerebellar b. Neocerebellar c. Archicerebellar

Answer 77

a. Paleocerebellar

Question 78

What part of the cerebellum is aka flocculonodular and deals with equilibrium? ## Footnote a. Paleocerebellar b. Neocerebellar c. Archicerebellar

Answer 78

c. Archicerebellar

Question 79

Which part of the cerebellum is located posteriorly and is responsible for coordianation of skilled movements? ## Footnote a. Paleocerebellar b. Neocerebellar c. Archicerebellar

Answer 79

b. Neocerebellar

Question 80

What is the white matter of the cerebellum called?

Answer 80

corpus medullare

Question 81

what are the gray matter neuron cell types of the cerebellum? a. purkinje b. Golgi ll c. Stellate d. Basket e. Granular

Answer 81

a,b,c,d,e

Question 82

What is the mc cell type in the cerebellum? ## Footnote a. purkinje b. Golgi ll c. Stellate d. Basket e. Granular

Answer 82

a. purkinje

Question 83

What is the blood supply to the cerebellum?

Answer 83

branches of the vertebral & basilar arteries

Question 84

Name the cerebellar nuclei from medial to lateral, small to large? 1. Fastigial 2. Emboliform 3. Dentate 4. Globus

Answer 84

1, 4, 2, 3 Fastigial, Globus, Emboliform, Dentate (Fat Girls Eat Donuts)