Spinal Cord

Question 1

Lies within the vertebral canal

Answer 1

Spinal Cord

Question 2

The spinal cord is protected by three surrounding fibrous membranes called

Answer 2

Meninges

Question 3

The spinal cord is held in position on EACH SIDE by the

Answer 3

Denticulate ligament

Question 4

The spinal cord is held in position INFERIORLY by the

Answer 4

Filum terminale

Question 5

The anterior part of the spinal cord contains which kinds of root?

Answer 5

Motor Roots

Question 6

The posterior part of the spinal cord contains which kinds of root?

Answer 6

Sensory Roots

Question 7

The spinal cord terminates in the adult at the level of

Answer 7

Lower border of first Lumbar vertebra

Question 8

T or F:

The gray matter of the spinal cord is inside

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Laminae of Rexed -groupings:

Located in the posterior horn

Answer 9

Laminae I-VI

Question 10

Laminae of Rexed -groupings:

Located at the lateral horn

Answer 10

Lamina VII

Question 11

Laminae of Rexed -groupings:

Located at the anterior horn

Answer 11

Laminae VIII and IX

Question 12

Laminae of Rexed -groupings:

Gray substance surrounding the central canal

Answer 12

Lamina X

Question 13

Ascending Tract:

Position sense
2 pt discrimination
Fine, discriminative
Vibration sense
Stereognosis

Answer 13

Dorsal/Posterior Column

Question 14

Ascending Tract:

Touch and Pressure

Answer 14

Anterior Spinothalamic Tract

Question 15

Ascending Tract:

Pain and Temperature

Answer 15

Lateral Spinothalamic Tract

Question 16

Provides voluntary controlof skeletal muscles

Answer 16

Pyramidal System

Question 17

The pyramidal system which provides voluntary control of skeletal muscles consists of:

Answer 17

Corticobulbar
Lateral Corticospinal
Anterior Corticospinal

Question 18

The pyramidal cells can be found at the

Answer 18

Primary motor cortex

Question 19

Axons of pyramidal cells descend in the

Answer 19

Internal capsule

Question 20

T or F:

Axons extend into the brainstem and spinal cord to synapse on lower motor neurons

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Located at the lower medulla, axons decussate the midline to enter on the oppositeside of the SC

Answer 21

LCST

Question 22

Descending pathways referred to as

Answer 22

Upper Motor Neurons

Question 23

Motor cellsin the Anterior gray hornof the SCand motor nucleiof the cranialnervesare the final common pathwaysfor the control of skeletal muscle activity; referred to as

Answer 23

Lower Motor Neurons

Question 24

Signs of Motor Neuron Lesions (UMNL or LMNL)

Paralysis is spastic

Answer 24

UMNL

Question 25

Signs of Motor Neuron Lesions (UMNL or LMNL) Clonus (+)

Answer 25

UMNL

Question 26

Signs of Motor Neuron Lesions (UMNL or LMNL) Pathologic Reflexes (+)

Answer 26

UMNL

Question 27

Signs of Motor Neuron Lesions (UMNL or LMNL) Muscle Tone is decreased

Answer 27

LMNL

Question 28

Signs of Motor Neuron Lesions (UMNL or LMNL) Paralysis is Flaccid

Answer 28

LMNL

Question 29

Signs of Motor Neuron Lesions (UMNL or LMNL) Atrophy (+)

Answer 29

LMNL

Question 30

Signs of Motor Neuron Lesions (UMNL or LMNL) Muscle tone is increased

Answer 30

UMNL

Question 31

Lesion of Corticospinal Tract (Contra/ipsilateral) Above the level of decussation

Answer 31

Contralaterally

Question 32

Lesion of Corticospinal Tract (Contra/ipsilateral) Below the level of decussation

Answer 32

Ipsilaterally

Question 33

Paralysis of all four extremities

Answer 33

Quadriplegia

Question 34

Bilateral cervical spinal cord damage C4 –C6 may result in paralysis of

Answer 34

All four extremities | Quadriplegia

Question 35

Unilateral spinal cord lesionsin thoraciclevels may result in

Answer 35

Paralysis of the ipsilateral lower extremity | Monoplegia

Question 36

If the thoracic spinal cord damage is bilateral

Answer 36

Both lower extremities may be paralyzed | Paraplegia

Question 37

Follows acute damage to the Spinal cord; temporary interruption of the function of SC following injury

Answer 37

Spinal Shock

Question 38

Time frame of spinal shock

Answer 38

less than 24 hrs or may persist for as long as 1 to 4 weeks

Question 39

Determination of spinal shock is by testing the activity of the

Answer 39

Anal sphincter reflex

Question 40

Signs and Symptoms of SPINAL SHOCK

Answer 40

Flaccid, areflexic paralysis Complete loss of sensation Loss of autonomic function Loss of reflex activity -paralysis of the bladder and rectum

Question 41

Progressive cavitation around the central canal; loss of pain & temperature sensationsin hands & forearm ( common in cervical)

Answer 41

Syringomyelia

Question 42

Attacks the anterior horn cellsleading to LMNL

Answer 42

Poliomyelitis

Question 43

Caused by neurosyphilis; dorsal root involvement with secondary degeneration of dorsal columns( loss of vibration and position sense)

Answer 43

Tabes Dorsalis

Question 44

Pure motor diseaseinvolving the degeneration of anterior horn cells(LMNL) and corticospinal tract(UMNL); NO sensory loss

Answer 44

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 45

Caused by vitamin B12 deficiency; degeneration of posteriorand lateral columns( loss of position sense and vibration in legs associated with UMNL)

Answer 45

Subacute combined degeneration

Question 46

It is a spinal cord hemisection

Answer 46

Brown-Sequard’s syndrome

Question 47

Contralateral loss of pain & temperature Ipsilateral loss of proprioception Ipsilateral manifestations of upper and lower motor neuron lesions

Answer 47

Brown-Sequard’s syndrome

Question 48

Area of the skin supplied by the somatosensoryfibers from a single spinal nerve

Answer 48

Dermatomes

Question 49

Useful in localizing the levels of lesions

Answer 49

Dermatomes

Question 50

LOSS OF PAIN AND THERMAL SENSATIONS on the CONTRALATERAL SIDE about 1 –2 segments below the level of the lesion

Answer 50

Anterolateral System

Question 51

Clinical Signs of Injury to the Lemniscal Pathway

Answer 51

``` Inability to recognize limb position Astereognosis Loss of two point discrimination Loss of vibration sense (+) Romberg sign ```

Question 52

A patient who can stand with feet together and the eyes open, but who sways and falls when the eyes are closed

Answer 52

(+) Romberg sign

Question 53

Sign that indicates an absence of position sensein the lower limbs

Answer 53

Romberg Sign