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NEUROLEC > SPINAL CORD > Flashcards

SPINAL CORD Flashcards

(80 cards)

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1
Q

Somatotopic Organization

A

segmental organization

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2
Q

Location of SC

A

from the foramen magnum until L1 (adults) and L3 (newborn)

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3
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

lies within this area and extends caudally to the level of S2

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4
Q

Dural Sac

A

suspends and anchors the spinal cord

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5
Q

Denticulate Ligament

A

two flattened bands with 21 teeth

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6
Q

Filum Terminale

A

conus medullaris until the end of the dural sac

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7
Q

Spinal Nerve Roots

A

strongest fixation and anchorage of the sc to the vertebral canal

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8
Q

Cervical Enlargements

A

C5-T1 (brachial plexus)

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9
Q

Lumbar Enlargements

A

L1-S2 (lumbosacral plexus)

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10
Q

Conus Medullaris

A

terminal end
45 cm in males, 42 cm in females

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11
Q

Spinal Nerves

A

31 pairs
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
motor and sensory fibers

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12
Q

C1 and CO Nerves

A

no dermatomes (no sensory)

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13
Q

Passageway of C1

A

atlas and the skull

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14
Q

Passageway of C2

A

atlas and axis

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15
Q

Exit of Spinal Nerves

A

intervertebral or spinal foramina

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16
Q

GSA

A

General Somatic Afferent
input from muscles, bone, skin, and joints

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17
Q

GVA

A

General Visceral Afferent
input from visceral organs

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18
Q

GSE

A

General Somatic Efferent
output from ventral horn motor neurons to skeletal muscles

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19
Q

GVE

A

General Visceral Efferent
output from intermediolateral cell column via prevertebral ganglia to the visceral organs (sympathetic division)
sacral parasympathetic nucleus via intramural ganglia to pelvic viscera

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20
Q

Dorsal Root

A

enters dorsal lateral sulcus as rootlets
sensory input
joints ventral root to form spinal nerve

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21
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglion

A

contains pseudounipolar neurons from neural crest origin
sensory input from periphery (GSA and GVA)

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22
Q

Ventral Roots

A

emerges from ventral lateral sulcus as ventral rootlets
converts motor output from visceral and somatic

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23
Q

Cauda Equina

A

horsetail
contains lumbosacral plexus (L2-CO)

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24
Q

Dorsal Primary Ramus

A

skin and muscles of the back

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25
Ventral Primary Ramus
ventral lateral muscles and skin of the trunk, extremities, and visceral organs
26
Meningeal Ramus
meninges and vertebral column
27
White communicating rami
myelinated preganglionic and GVA only found in the thoracolumbar segments (T1-L3)
28
Gray communicating rami
unmyelinated postganglionic and all spinal nerves
29
Somite
dermatome, myotome, and sclerotome
30
Dermatome
cutaneous area
31
Myotome
muscles
32
Sclerotome
bones and ligaments
33
Gray Matter
located centrally butterfly; H-shaped central canal
34
Gray Matter Dorsal Horn
sensory input rexed laminae (dorsal to ventral)
35
Rexed Laminae
cytoarchitectural areas
36
RL I
dorsal marginal nucleus
37
RL II
substantia gelatinosa
38
RL III and IV
nucleus proprius; where spinothalamic tract synapses (pressure and vibration)
39
RL V
neck of RL IV
40
RL VI
no nociceptive input; sensitive to movement/ stretch of internal joints
41
RL VII
nucleus dorsalis of Clarke
42
RL X
central canal where gray commissure is located
43
Gray Matter Lateral Horn
viscerosensory input extends from T1-L3 contains intermediolateral nucleus
44
T1-T2
cliospinal center of budge (sympathetic innervation of eye)
45
Gray Matter Ventral Horn
motor function spinal border cells sacral parasympathetic nucleus somatic motor nuclei spinal accessory nucleus phrenic nucleus
45
White Matter
myelinated fibers containing ascending and descending tracts
46
Dorsal Funiculus
fasciculus gracilis fasciculus cuneatus
47
Lateral Funiculus
lateral spinothalamic tract dorsolateral fasciculus tract of lissauer spinocerebellar
48
Ventral Funiculus
vestibulospinal reticulospinal anterior spinothalamic tract
49
Cervical Cord
dorsal intermediate sulci and septa are present massive ventral horns from C3-C8
50
Thoracic Cord
h shaped gray matter dorsal
51
Lumbar Cord
massive ventral horns (L3-5) butterfly shaped
52
Myotatic Reflex
monosynaptic and ipsilateral muscle stretch afferent and efferent limb reciprocal inhibition: contraction of agonist and relaxation of antagonist
53
Afferent Limb
muscle spindle, DRG neuron, and type Ia fiber
54
Efferent Limb
ventral horn motor neuron
55
Four commonly tested muscle stretch reflexes
ankle jerk: S1 knee jerk: L2-L4 biceps: C5-C6 triceps: C7-C8
56
Ascending Spinal Tracts
sensory information first order neuron will always be DRG usually decussates before reaching final destination
57
DCML Tract (Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus)
tactile, discrimination, vibration, recognition, and joint muscle sensation mediates conscious proprioception receives input from pacini's, meissner's corpuscles, joint receptors, muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs
58
DCML Pathway
1st order: DRG (fasciculus gracilis from LE; fasciculus cuneatus from UE) 2nd order: medulla (internal arcuate fibers decussate to form the medial lemniscus that ascends thru the contralateral brainstem) 3rd order: VPL of thalamus (somatosensory cortex; 3,1,2)
59
Ventral Spinothalamic Tract
light pressure and touch slow pain free nerve endings and merkel's tactile discs
60
Anterior Spinothalamic Tract
pain and temperature fast pain a delta and c fibers sacral fibers: dorsolaterally cervical fibers: ventromedially
61
Ventral Spinothalamic Tract Pathway
1st order: DRG 2nd order: substantia gelatinosa 3rd order: VPL of thalamus
62
Lateral Spinothalamic Tract Pathway
1st order: Dorsolateral tract of Lissauer 2nd order: substantia gelatinosa 3rd order: VPL of thalamus
63
Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract
unconscious proprioceptive information fine coordination of posture and movement of individual muscles of LE muscle spindles, GTO, and pressure receptors uncrossed tract: goes straight to cerebellum and does not decussate
64
Lateral Spinocerebellar Tract
unconscious proprioceptive information coordinated movement and posture of the entire lower extremity crossed tract
65
Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract Pathway
1st order: DRG (C8-S3) -afferent limb for muscle stretch reflexes, medial root entry zone 2nd order: Nucleus Dorsalis of Clarke -ascend in lateral funiculus -inferior peduncle --> rostral and ventral cerebellar vermis -terminate ipsilaterally as mossy fibers
66
Lateral Spinocerebellar Tract Pathway
1st order: DRG (L1-S2); muscle stretch reflexes 2nd order: Spinal Border Cells in Ventral Horns -decussate in the ventral white commissure -ascend in lateral funiculus -superior peduncle -terminate contralaterally as mossy fibers of rostral cerebellar vermis
67
Cuneocerebellar Tract
UE equivalent of dorsal spinocerebellar tract
68
Cuneocerebellar Pathway
1st order: DRG (C2-T7) -project axons via fasciculus cuneatus to caudate medulla 2nd order: accessory cuneate nucleus of medulla -synapse via inferior cerebellar -terminates ipsilaterally of anterior lobe of cerebellum
69
Descending Spinal Tracts
somatic and visceral motor originates in the cerebral cortex
70
Lateral Corticospinal (Pyramidal) Tract
volitional skilled motor activity input from paracentral lobule (contralateral leg and foot) supplied by ACA
71
Lateral Corticospinal (Pyramidal) Tract Origin and Transmission
- premotor cortex (BA 6) -motor cortex (BA 4) -postcentral sensory cortex (3,1,2) terminates via interneurons (modulates preciseness)
72
Lateral Corticospinal (Pyramidal) Tract Fibers
90% between 1-4 micra >20 micra= Giant Cells of Betz (found in precentral gyrus and anterior paracentral lobule)
73
Lateral Corticospinal (Pyramidal) Pathway
1. posterior limb of internal capsule 2. middle 3/5 of crus cerebri of midbrain 3. bases of pons 5. pyramid of medulla (pyramidal decussation/ great motor decussation) - medial lemniscus: great sensory decussation
74
Transection of Lateral Corticospinal Pathway
Babinski's sign
75
Ventral Corticospinal Tract
small uncrossed tract decussates in ventral white commissures controls axial muscles
76
Vestibulospinal Tract
arises in the ipsilateral lateral vestibular nucleus, giant cells of Dieters controls extensor tone located in ventral funiculus uncrossed tract concerned with postural activity and associated with balance
77
Rubrospinal Tract
arises in the contralateral red nucleus in the midbrain controls flexor tone ventral to the lateral corticospinal tract
78
Descending Autonomic Tracts
sympathetic - T1-L3 parasympathetic - S2-4 ciliospinal center/ center of budge -T1-T2
79
Horner's Syndrome
damage to ciliospinal center

NEUROLEC (3 decks)

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