Spinal Cord

Question 1

Spinal Cord Anatomy 3 parts

Answer 1

Anterior medial fissure 2) posterior median sulcus 3) Central canal

Question 2

Regions of the Spinal Cord

Answer 2

1) Cervical(8) 2) Thoracic (12) 3) Lumbar (5) 4) Sacral (5) 5) Coccygeal (1)

Question 3

Parts of the Spinal cord structures 5

Answer 3

1) Cervical Enlargement 2) Lumbar Enlargement 3) Conus medullaris(tapering end) 4) Cauda equina(horse tail) 5) Filum terminalis (pia mater (anchors to coccyx)

Question 4

SC Meninges of Spinal Cord

Answer 4

1) Dura (epidural and subdural) 2) Arachnoid Layer(subarachnoid space) 3) Pia mater (adheres to Spinal Cord)

Question 5

Denticulate ligaments

Answer 5

Attach pia matter to arachnoid and dura mater helps anchor(blue triangle on model)

Question 6

Gray matter in Spinal cord

Answer 6

1) Anterior horn (wider 2) Lateral Horns 3) Posterior Horns (all the way to the surface) 4) Gray commissure

Question 7

Where are sensory neurons found?

Answer 7

IN the Dorsal (posterior) Root

Question 8

Sensory cell bodies

Answer 8

Dorsal root ganglia

Question 9

Motor neurons are found in?

Answer 9

Ventral(anterior) root

Question 10

Motor cell bodies are found? 2 Types?

Answer 10

In the lateral horn(autonomic neuron) and anterior horns(somatic)

Question 11

Ascending Tract

Answer 11

Sensory

Question 12

Descending Tract

Answer 12

Motor

Question 13

Funiculi

Answer 13

contain axons organized into tracts

Question 14

Spinal Nerves and how many pairs

Answer 14

31 pairs of Bundle of axon in PNS

Question 15

How does an axon enter/exit SC

Answer 15

Via the ROOTS formed from smaller ROOLETS

Question 16

Anterior(ventral root) and where bodies are

Answer 16

Motor (Soma in anterior & lateral horns

Question 17

Somas

Answer 17

bodies

Question 18

Posterior (dorsal) Root and where bodies are

Answer 18

Sensory; somas in dorsal root ganglion

Question 19

What is it called when the anterior and posterior roots unite within the intervertebral foramen

Answer 19

Spinal nerves that are both sensory and motor(mixed)

Question 20

What is the name for branches off spinal nerves (3)

Answer 20

Rami: 1) Posterior Rami 2) Anterior Rami

Question 21

What does the Posterior (dorsal rami Innervate?

Answer 21

Muscles/skin of the back

Question 22

What does the Anterior (ventral) rami Innervate?

Answer 22

!) innervate anterior & lateral trunk 2) innervate libs 3) form plexuses 4) Rami communicantes

Question 23

Dermatomes

Answer 23

Segments of the skin supplied by a spinal nerve (MAP) (all nerves innervate skin except C1)

Question 24

Nerve Plexuses

Answer 24

A network of ANTERIOR RAMI of spinal nerves found on both sides of the body. Split into NEVERS that INNERVATE Body structures

Question 25

Main Nerve Plexuses (4)

Answer 25

1) Cervical 2) Brachial 3) Lumbar 4) Sacral

Question 26

Thoracis spinal nerves

Answer 26

T2-T12 DO NOT from plexuses. Directly innervate structures( intercostal muscles; abdominal muscles and chest wall. T1 helps form the brachial plexus

Question 27

Cervical Plexus(where and what it innervates)

Answer 27

Ant Rami of C1-C4 Major nerves is the Phrenic nerve and innervates Diaphragm

Question 28

Brachial Plexus Formed from

Answer 28

Formed from C5-T1 Supplies upper limbs

Question 29

Brachial Plexus Major Nerves(5)

Answer 29

1)Axillar nerve 2) Musculocutaneous nerve 3) median nerve 4)Radial nerve 5) Ulnar nerve

Question 30

Division and Organization of Brachial plexus (in order)

Answer 30

1)Roots(ant rami) 2) Trunks 3) Divisions 4) Cord

Question 31

Axillary Nerve

Answer 31

Muscles in axillary region - Deltoid and teres minor

Question 32

Musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 32

Flexors of humerus (ELBOW) (biceps brachii; brachialis; Coracobrachialis)

Question 33

Median Nerve

Answer 33

Most anterior forearm muscles WRIST FLEXORS and PRONATORS ( Flexor carpi radialis; flexor digitorum superficialis; Palmaris Longus; Pronator Teres; Pronator Quadratus)

Question 34

Radial Nerve

Answer 34

Extensors of elbow and Wrist( Triceps brachii; extensor carpi ulnaris; longus; brevis; extensor digitorum and Brachioradiales(Flexes)

Question 35

Ulnar Nerve

Answer 35

Flexors or wrist(on medial side) (Flexor carpi ulnaris)

Question 36

What nerve would you hit on the medial epicondyle that give the funny bone sensation

Answer 36

Ulnar nerve

Question 37

Lumbar Plexus Location and Nerves

Answer 37

Formed from L1-L4 and make Femoral nerve and Obturator Nerve

Question 38

Femoral Nerve

Answer 38

Muscles on anterior upper leg( Psoas major iliacus; sartorius; Quadriceps muscles)

Question 39

Obturator nerve

Answer 39

Adductor of Leg Adductors; brevis; longus; and manus and gracilis

Question 40

Sacral Plexus Location and Nerves

Answer 40

Formed from L4 S4 (sciatic nerve)

Question 41

Sciatic nerve Parts(2)

Answer 41

1) Tibial and Fibular(peroneal) Started out as fused then the fibular goes to the front

Question 42

Tibial Branch

Answer 42

Muscles on back of leg( Most of hamstrings; Gastrocnemius; Soleus; Popliteus)

Question 43

Common fibular branch

Answer 43

Lower lateral/anterior leg; tibialis anterior and fibularis longus(peroneus)

Question 44

Reflex Arc Order

Answer 44

1) Receptor 2) Sensory Neuron 3) Integration center 4) Motor Neurons 5) Effector(Muscle here)

Question 45

Monosynaptic vs Polysynaptic

Answer 45

Mononsynaptic: direct communication between sensory and motor neuron WHILE Polysynaptic has an interneuron that facilitates communication

Question 46

Ipsilateral vs Contralateral

Answer 46

Same side vs opposite

Question 47

Muscle spindle(reflexes)

Answer 47

reflex contraction in response to rapid stretch

Question 48

Golgi tendon Organ(GTO)(reflexes

Answer 48

Inhibits excessive tension(can be trained)