Test4 Brain and Nerves Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
4 Parts of the Brain
A
Cerebrum 2) Diencephalon 3) Brian Stem 4) Cerebellum
2
Q
Gyri
A
Fold of the brain
3
Q
Sulci
A
Grooves/Depression of the Brain
4
Q
Fissures
A
Deep Grooves of the brain(trenches)
5
Q
Rostral Side
A
Front
6
Q
Caudal
A
Back (tail end)
7
Q
Grey Matter and White mater
A
White surrounds grey and in the brain grey forms outside
8
Q
Meninges
A
Protective CT surrounding the brain. 3 total
9
Q
3 Main Meninges that surround the brain
A
1) Dura mater 2) arachnoid Layer 3) Pia Mater
10
Q
Dura mater (6)
A
1) Outermost Layer 2) Made from Dense Ireg CT 3) Made from two layers the outer Layer called PERIOSTEAL 4) and the inner layer called MENINGEAL 5) and Has Dural venous sinuses 6) and Epidural Space
11
Q
Dural Venous Sinuses
A
Space between two layers of the Dura mater and it contains bloods (venous - blood sinuses- Space)
12
Q
Epidural Space
A
A space that is superficial to the Dura mater
13
Q
Arachnoid Layer
A
1) Middle 2) Web of collagen & elastic fibers (look like a spider) with a 3)Subdural Space and 4) Subarachnoid Space
14
Q
Subdural Space
A
Associated with The Arachnoid Layer - Between dura matter and the Arachnoid layer
15
Q
Subarachnoid Space
A
Deep in the Arachnoid Layer this is one of the place CEREBRAL SPINAL FLUID flowing
16
Q
Pia Mater
A
Innermost Layer areolar CT adheres to brain.
17
Q
Cranial Dural Septa 4 what are they.
A
1)Falx cerebri 2) Tentorium cerebelli 3) Falx cerebell 4) Diaphragma sellae
18
Q
Flax Cerebri
A
Midsagittal plane Form the superior and inferior sagittal sinuses
19
Q
Tentorium cerebelli
A
Over cerebellum Forms Transverse sinuses
20
Q
Falx cerebell
A
Divides left and right cerebellar hemispheres FORM occipital sinus
21
Q
Diaphragma sellae
A
Covers sella turcica
22
Q
Cranial Dural Septa
A
Are dips of the dura mater into cranial cavity to form sinuses.
23
Q
Brain ventricles
A
4 continuous cavities
24
Q
4 Brain ventricles
A
2 Lateral; Third; Fourth
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Septum pellucidum
Divides between lateral ventricles
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Interventricular Foramen
connects the lateral ventricle to the third ventricle
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Mesencephalic aqueduct(cerebral aqueduct)
Connects the third ventricle and Fourth ventricle
28
What cells are in Ventricles and what do they produce
Cerebrospinal Fluid formed by choroid plexuses of Ependymal cells
29
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
1) Circulates in Ventricles; subarachnoid space and central canal of SC 2) Protects the brain 3) reduces weight of brain 4) Transports nutrients; removes waste 5) formed by choroid plexuses (ependymal cell)
30
How does CSF circulated? 6(T)
1) Flow Through VENTRICLES2) Splits into SUBARACHNOID space or central canal of CS 3) DURAL VENOUS SINUSES via the ARACHNOID VILLI 4) Dural venous sinuses into internal JUGULAR veins
31
Blood Brain Barrier
Formed from astrocytes prevents contamination of fluid in brain tissue
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Cerebrum 4
Responsible for CONSCIUS THOUGHT & INTellectual Function 2) Outer Gray layer: Cerebral cortex 3) Cerebral cortex surround white matter. Within the white matter the CEREBRal nuclei (gray)
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Cerebral Cortex
Outer layer of the Cerebrum (grey Matter)
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Cerebral nuclei
Inner Most layer of cerebrum (grey Matter)
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What structure has a one way value for CSF
Arachnoid Villi
36
What line separates the Cerebral into Left and right
Longitudinal Fissure
37
What connects the Cerebral Hemispheres what matter is it
Corpus Callosum(white matter)
38
Cerebral Hemispheres characteristic for Motor control
1) Control opposite side of body
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Left hemisphere of the Cerebral Controls (3)
1) right handed control 2) Spoken/written language 3) numerical/scientific skills
40
Right Hemisphere Control (4)
1) Left handed Control 2) Music/artistic awareness 3) Space/pattern perception 4) insight/imagination
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Frontal Lobes Controls
1)Motor control of Skeleton Muscle 2) Intellectual function
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Parietal Lobes Control
Sensory interpretation(primary somatosensory cortex)
43
Temporal Lobes Control
Auditory and Olfactory sensation(smelling) (Primary visual and olfactory cortex)
44
Occipital Lobe Control
Visual Stimuli(primary visual cortex)
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Insula Lobe Control
Taste and memory (gustatory cortex)
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Function areas of cerebrum Motor area
Primary Motor Cortex in the precentral gyrus
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Functional Areas of Cerebrum Sensory Area
1) primary somatosensory cortex(Parietal Lobe) 2) Primary Visual cortex(Occipital) 3) Primary auditory cortex(temporal) 4) Gustatory Cortex (taste)(Insula) 5) Olfactory cortex (temporal)
48
Function areas of cerebrum(association areas)
1) Premotor cortex 2) Wernicke's area(understanding written/spoken language) 3) Gnostic Area(Overall comprehension)
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Wernicke's Area
associated with the cerebrum has to do with Understanding written and spoken language
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Gnostic Area
Association Area: integration of overall comprehension of situation
51
Homunculus
Map/model of a person dived into motor/sensory control section of the brain
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Where is the Primary Cortex
In the precentral gyrus
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Where is the primary somatosensory cortex
In the postcentral gyrus (Parietal Lobe)
54
What is an Association Area
In-between the Motor and sensory
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Central White Matter 3 Types
Axons bundled to gether in Tracks 1) Association Tracts 2) Commissural Tracks 3) Projection Tracts
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Association Tracts
Connects two different areas in the SAME Hemisphere
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Tracts
Axons bundles in the CNS
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Commissural Tracts
Tract that connects the Two Hemisphere
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Projection Tracts
Leave the Brain into the spinal cord(Project out of the brain)
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Cerebral (basal nuclei)
Pairs of gray matter deep in the White matter
61
Diencephalon 3 parts
Epithalamus 2) Thalamus 3) hypothalamus
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Epithalamus
Covers 3rd Ventricle 2) Pineal Gland(melatonin) 3) Habenular(emotional odor)
63
Pineal gland Loc/Char
In the Epithalamus (posterior brain) Produces melatonin which regulates circadian rhythms (sleep cycle)
64
Habenular nuclei Loc/function
Visceral and emotion Reponses to odor in the Epithalamus
65
Thalamus
1)Paired oval masses on each side of the 3rd ventricles 2) Connected by interthalamic adhesion(grey matter) 3) Filter and RELAYS SENSORY info to the Cerebrum(relay center)
66
Hypothalamus Location and what it connects to
Below the Thalamus and hold the pituitary gland with the Infundibulum(stake)
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Functions of the Hypothalamus
1) Master controller of autonomic nervous system (ANS)(involuntary) 2)Controls Pituitary gland 3) THERMOREGULATION(thermostat) 4)Limbic System(emotions) 5) Satiety center(hungry or full) 6) THIRST center 7) Circadian rhythms in the cardicvasulaur system.
68
3 Parts of the Brain Stem
1) Mesencephalon(midbrain) 2) Pons 3) Medulla Oblongata
69
Mesencephalon(midbrain) Parts 4
1) Contains Cerebral peduncles(on front)(tracts) 2) Corpora quadrigemina(posterior) 3) Substantia Nigra 4) Red Nuclei
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Where are the cerebral peduncles
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
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Where is the substantia nigra and what does it release
In the mesencephalon releases dopamine(neurotransmitter with controls movement)
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Where and what does the Corpora Quadrigemina do?
In the mesencephalon deals with reflexes of hearing and vision
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Red Nucleus where is it
In the Mesencephalon
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Pons Where is it
1)BRIDGE between the mesencephalon and the Medulla oblongata 2) Tracts that connect Brain and Spinal Canal(SC)(big bulge)
75
Function of the Pons (3)
Respiratory Centers which help REGULATE breathing 1) pneumotaxic 2) apneustic
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Medulla oblongata Where
Tract that connect brain and SC BELOW the PONS
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What is in the Medulla Oblongata(4)
1) Pyramids 2) Decussation of pyramids 3) Olivary nuclei(2 little bumps) 4) inferior cerebellar peduncles
78
What does the medulla oblongata Regulates? (3)
Autonomic nuclei that regulate 1) (Cardiovascular Center) a) CARDIAC b) Vasomotor(blood vessels) 2) RESPIRATORY(main center)
79
Why is the Decussation of Pyramids important and where is it.
It is where the Central motor nerves CROSS making it so that are right brain control are left side. It is Located inside the MEDULLA OBLONGATA
80
Cerebellum 2 parts
Cerebellar cortex(gray)(outside) 2) Abor vitae(white)(tree of life)
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Folia
Folds in the cerebellum
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Cerebellum Functions
Coordination and Balance (fine tunes rough draft of movement and awareness of position)
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Limbic System Functions
Emotion and Memory(emotional aspects of behavior/memory and pain and pleasure)
84
Limbic system includes
Cerebrum and Diencephalon
85
Reticular formation 5 parts
1)Is throughout brain stem helps 2)regulate muscle tone 3) Reticular activating system 4) alerts cortex to incoming signals 5) Consciousness and awaking from sleep
